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. 2017 Jan 17;17:49. doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1552-8

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Effects of the CE on the number of fecal pellets (a) and fecal water content (b) before and after loperamide-induced constipation in a rat model. Bars represent the mean ± SD (n = 6). Different letters on each graph indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) among the groups. The asterisk indicates significant differences between respective groups before and after loperamide treatment, based on the Tukey’s test. CE, Cheonnyuncho extract; NOR, normal group; CON, constipation control group; L-CE, constipation plus low-dose CE group (3% CE added to drinking water); H-CE, constipation plus high-dose CE group (6% CE added to drinking water)