Table 2.
RCTs in juvenile arthritis
| Citation | N | Age (years) | Gender (%F) | Study Design | Intervention | Comparison Group | Duration of Treatment | Additional Follow-up | Pain Measure | Pain Results | Disability Measure | Disability Results | Jadad Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Field T. et al. (1997) [18] | 20 | 5–15 | 70 | RCT | Relaxation therapy (nightly, parent-guided) | Daily massage | 30 days | None | Visual Analogue Scale (0–10) (pain in the last week) | Pre-post difference in relaxation group: 3.5 to 4.2 (+20%; p-value NS) | 1 | ||
| Pre-post difference in massage group: 4.8 to 1.6 (−67%; p < 0.05) | |||||||||||||
| Between group difference of change scores: 3.9 (massage group with greater improvement; p-value not provided) | |||||||||||||
| Lomholt J. et al. (2015) [19] | 19 | 9–14 | 79 | RCT with group randomization | Weekly CBT sessions | Wait-list control | 8 weeks | None | Revised Faces Pain Scale (0–10). Higher score implies greater pain. | Pre-post difference in CBT group: 3.1 to 4.1 (+32%; p-value NS) | Functional Disability Inventory (0–60) | Pre-post difference in CBT group: 11.4 to 11.7 (+2.6%; p-value NS) | 2 |
| Pre-post difference in control group: 2.7 to 2.7 (0%; p-value NS) | Pre-post difference in control group: 9.8 to 9.2 (−6.1%; p-value NS) | ||||||||||||
| Post-scores between groups adjusted for pre-scores: p-value NS | Between group differences in change scores: 0.9 (control group with greater improvement p-value NS) | ||||||||||||
| Stinson J. et al. (2010) [20] | 46 | 12–18 | 67 | RCT | Internet-based education, relaxation and distraction | Attention control | 12 weeks | None | Recalled Pain Inventory (0–10) in past week. Higher score implies greater pain. [24] | Pre-post difference in intervention group; 2.7 to 2.2 (−19%; p-value not provided) | Juvenile Arthritis Quality of Life Questionnaire (JAQQ) activity (0–7; higher score implies greater dysfunction) |
Pre-post difference in intervention group; 2.4 to 2.0 (−17%; p-value not provided) | 2 |
| Pre-post difference in attention control 3.0 to 3.5 (+17%; p-value not provided) | Pre-post difference in attention control 2.7 to 2.3 (−15%; p-value not provided) | ||||||||||||
| Post-score difference adjusted for pre-score significant (favoring intervention group; p = 0.03) | Post-score difference adjusted for pre-score: p-value NS |