Table 2.
Antibacterial and anti-yeast activity of the tested plant extracts determined by agar well diffusion assay
| Plant species | Part tested | Extract | Diameter of growth inhibition zone with standard deviation (mm) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SA a | BS | PA | EC | ST | CG | CA | |||
| Agrimonia eupatoria | Whole plant | Water | – | – | – | 9 ± 0.6 | – | – | – |
| Methanol | 10 ± 0.6 | 11 ± 0.6 | 11 ± 0.6 | 11 ± 0.6 | – | 11 ± 0.6 | – | ||
| Chloroform | 9 | 11 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | 11 ± 0.6 | 12 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.6 | ||
| Acetone | 12 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | 11 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | 12 ± 1 | 9 ± 0.6 | ||
| Hexane | 13 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | – | 9 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.6 | – | ||
| Hypericum alpestre | Aerial part | Water | – | – | 11 ± 0.6 | – | – | – | – |
| Methanol | 10 ± 0.6 | 11 ± 0.6 | 18 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | – | – | – | ||
| Chloroform | 13 ± 0.6 | 12 ± 0.6 | 23 ± 1 | – | – | – | – | ||
| Acetone | 15 ± 0.6 | 13 ± 0.6 | 21 ± 0.6 | – | 10 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.6 | – | ||
| Hexane | 17 ± 0.6 | 16 ± 0.6 | 21 ± 0.6 | – | – | – | – | ||
| Lilium armenum | Stalk with leaf | Water | – | – | 10 ± 0.6 | – | – | – | – |
| Methanol | 9 ± 0.6 | – | 13 ± 0.6 | – | – | – | – | ||
| Chloroform | 9 ± 0.6 | – | 10 ± 0.6 | – | – | – | – | ||
| Acetone | 10 ± 0.6 | 9 | 11 ± 0.6 | – | – | – | – | ||
| Hexane | 9 ± 0.6 | – | 12 ± 0.6 | – | – | – | – | ||
| Lilium armenum | Bulb | Water | – | – | 9 ± 0.6 | – | – | – | – |
| Methanol | 9 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.6 | 11 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.6 | – | – | – | ||
| Chloroform | 9 ± 0.6 | – | 13 ± 0.6 | – | 9 ± 0.6 | – | – | ||
| Acetone | 10 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.6 | 11 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.6 | – | – | ||
| Hexane | – | – | 11 ± 0.6 | – | 9 ± 0.6 | – | – | ||
| Rumex obtusifolius | Leaf | Water | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Methanol | 9 ± 0.6 | – | – | – | 10 ± 0.6 | 14 ± 0.6 | – | ||
| Chloroform | 11 ± 0.6 | – | 10 ± 0.6 | – | 10 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.6 | – | ||
| Acetone | 11 ± 0.6 | – | 12 ± 0.6 | – | 10 ± 0.6 | 12 ± 0.6 | – | ||
| Hexane | 9 ± 0.6 | – | 11 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.6 | – | – | – | ||
| Rumex obtusifolius | Root | Water | – | – | 11 ± 0.6 | – | – | – | – |
| Methanol | 10 ± 0.6 | – | 10 ± 0.6 | – | – | – | 9 ± 0.6 | ||
| Chloroform | 11 ± 0.6 | – | 10 ± 0.6 | – | 9 ± 0.6 | 12 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.6 | ||
| Acetone | 10 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.6 | 12 ± 0.6 | – | – | 13 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.6 | ||
| Hexane | 9 ± 0.6 | – | – | – | – | 12 ± 0.6 | – | ||
| Rumex obtusifolius | Inflorescence | Water | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Methanol | – | 9 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | – | – | – | ||
| Chloroform | – | 9 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.6 | – | – | – | ||
| Acetone | 11 ± 0.6 | 11 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.6 | – | ||
| Hexane | 9 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | – | – | – | – | ||
| Rumex obtusifolius | Seed | Water | 9 ± 0.6 | – | 10 ± 0.6 | – | – | – | – |
| Methanol | 12 ± 0.6 | 11 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | 11 ± 0.6 | 12 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | – | ||
| Chloroform | – | 9 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.6 | – | – | – | – | ||
| Acetone | 12 ± 0.6 | 12 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | 12 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | – | ||
| Hexane | 9 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | – | – | – | – | ||
| Sanguisorba obtusifolius | Aerial part | Water | – | – | 10 ± 0.6 | – | 9 ± 0.6 | – | – |
| Methanol | 12 ± 0.6 | 11 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | 12 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | ||
| Chloroform | 10 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | – | – | 12 ± 0.6 | 11 ± 0.6 | ||
| Acetone | 13 ± 0.6 | 13 ± 0.6 | 12 ± 1 | 12 ± 0.6 | 11 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | ||
| Hexane | 11 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.6 | – | 10 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.6 | ||
| Sanguisorba officinalis | Root | Water | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Methanol | 10 ± 0.6 | – | 10 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | – | 10 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | ||
| Chloroform | – | – | – | – | – | 10 ± 0.6 | 11 ± 0.6 | ||
| Acetone | 10 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | – | 10 ± 0.6 | 10 ± 0.6 | ||
| Hexane | – | – | – | – | – | – | 10 ± 0.6 | ||
| PCb | 20 ± 0.6 | 30 ± 1 | 28 ± 1 | 19 ± 0.6 | 23 ± 0.6 | 24 ± 0.6 | 23 ± 0.6 | ||
aUsed test strains: Escherichia coli WKPM-M17 (EC), Pseudomonas aeruginosa GRP3 (VKPH B-82–5) (PA), Bacillus subtilis WT-A1 (BS), Salmonella typhimurium WDCM 1754 (ST), Staphylococcus aureus WDCM 5233 (SA), Candida albicans 174 (CA), Candida guilliermondii HP-17 (CG)
bPC – positive control (gentamicin (10 μg ml−1) (for bacteria), nystatin 20 μg ml−1 (for yeasts))
All experiments were independently repeated three times. Average means with standard deviations are represented. Standard deviations were calculated with GraphPad Prism 5.03 (GraphPad Software, Inc.; USA) software