Table 1.
Childbirth & household characteristics of case and control groups
| Factors | Categories | Cases n/N (%)a | Controls n/N (%) | ORb (95% CIc of OR) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Place of birth during last pregnancy | Health facility | 50/66 (75.8) | 106/128 (82.8) | Reference | |
| Home | 16/66 (24.2) | 22/128 (17.2) | 2.2 (0.8–5.9) | 0.096 | |
| Birth order at last pregnancy | 1st | 15/66 (22.7) | 37/129 (28.7) | Reference | |
| 2nd–3rd | 28/66 (42.4) | 54/129 (41.9) | 1.1 (0.5–2.1) | 0.850 | |
| 4th or more | 23/68 (34.8) | 38/129 (29.5) | 5.3 (0.7–40.2) | 0.069 | |
| Birth weight of infants born out of last pregnancy | Normal | 53/62 (85.5) | 84/88 (95.4) | Reference | |
| Low (<2.5Kg) | 9/62 (14.5) | 4/88 (4.6) | 2.8 (0.8–9.7) | 0.095 | |
| Water fed to the infant in concern with breast milk within 6 months of life | No | 56/66 (84.8) | 109/129 (84.5) | Reference | |
| Yes | 10/66 (15.2) | 20/129 (15.5) | 1.0 (0.4–2.4) | 0.943 | |
| Source of drinking water | Only PHE | 26/66 (39.4) | 46/129 (35.7) | Reference | |
| Other sources | 40/66 (60.6) | 83/129 (64.3) | 0.8 (0.4–1.7) | 0.606 | |
| Domestic treatment of drinking water | Yes | 57/66 (86.4) | 116/129 (89.9) | Reference | |
| No | 9/66 (13.6) | 13/129 (10.1) | 1.5 (0.5–4.5) | 0.469 | |
| Place for cooking | Separate kitchen | 14/66 (21.2) | 32/129 (24.8) | Reference | |
| Next to bedroom /living room | 52/66 (78.8) | 97/129 (75.2) | 1.3 (0.6–2.8) | 0.555 | |
| Fuel used for cooking | Gas and/or Heater | 21/66 (31.8) | 41/129 (31.8) | Reference | |
| Other fuel | 45/66 (68.2) | 88/129 (68.2) | 1.1 (0.5–2.3) | 0.894 | |
| Having pets | None | 42/66 (63.6) | 86/129 (66.7) | Reference | |
| At least one pet | 24/66 (36.4) | 43/129 (33.3) | 1.1 (0.6–1.9) | 0.681 | |
| Having animals for sell / sacrifice at home | None | 24/66 (36.4) | 60/129 (46.5) | Reference | |
| At least one animal | 42/66 (63.6) | 69/129 (53.5) | 1.5 (0.8–2.7) | 0.164 |
a % column percentage, b OR odds ratio, c CI confidence interval