Table 3.

Checklist for dehydration risk

	Vivanti 2010 [17]	Vivanti 2008 [18]	Wotton [19]	Mentes and Wang [26]	Zembrzuski [21]	NHS East of England [22]	GULP [20]	Mentes and Iowa-Veterans [23]
History
Age	X	X	✓70+	✓85+	✓85+	X	X	✓85+
Constipation/incontinence	X	X	X	✓	✓	X	X	✓
Diarrhoea/vomiting	X	✓	✓	X	✓	X	✓	✓
Dietary restrictions	X	X	X	X	✓	✓	X	✓
Difficulty swallowing	X	X	✓	✓	✓	X	X	✓
Dizziness/light-headedness	X	X	X	X	X	X	✓	X
Feeling thirsty	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	X	✓
Low mood	X	X	X	✓	X	X	X	✓
Medication	X	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
Multiple medical conditions	X	X	✓3+	X	X	X	X	✓4+
Poor mobility/ falls/weakness	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	X	✓	✓
Pain	✓	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Recent hospitalisation	X	X	✓	X	✓	X	X	X
Repeated UTIs/Infections	X	X	✓	✓	✓	X	✓	✓
Visual difficulties	X	X	✓	X	X	X	X	X
Observation
24 hr fluid intake/output	X	✓	✓	X	✓	✓	✓	✓
Blood pressure/pulse	✓	✓	✓	X	✓	✓	✓	✓
Confusion	X	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
Drowsy/lethargic	X	X	X	X	✓	X	✓	X
Dry mouth/tongue/eyes/skin	✓	✓	✓	X	✓	✓	✓	✓
Fever	X	✓	✓	X	✓	X	✓	✓
Increased respiration	X	✓	✓	X	X	X	X	X
Low body weight/Malnutrition	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	X	✓
Open wound	X	X	X	X	X	✓	✓	X
Sweating	X	X	✓	X	✓	✓	X	✓
Bedside test
Hyperglycaemia	X	X	✓	X	X	X	✓	X
Urine
Colour	X	✓	✓	X	✓	✓	✓	✓
Gravity	X	X	✓	X	✓	X	X	✓
Score Performance
Sens %	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Internal Consistency Theta coefficient 0.68	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
Spec %	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
Inter-rater reliability %		83–87%	Unknown	KMO 0.6	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
Compliance %		Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
Dehydration present			N/A	Factor loadings for the questions ranged from −0.012–0.567	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Hydration response protocol	X	X	✓	X	✓	✓	✓	✓