Fig. 15. A, B. Axial three-dimensional contrast-enhanced (CE) T1-weighted turbo field echo (T1-TFE) images (acquisition, 0.6 mm; reconstruction, 1.2 mm) showing relationship of glossopharyngeal (thin arrow on A) and spinal accessory (dotted arrow on A) nerves and superior vagal ganglion (thick arrow on A) at jugular foramen.

After exiting jugular foramen, vagus nerve becomes prominent, forming inferior vagal ganglion (thick arrow on B). C. On CE fat-suppressed (FS) T1-weighted image (turbo spin echo; image acquisition, 3-mm slice thickness with no gap) in different patient, inferior vagal ganglion (thick arrow) is homogeneously enhanced by contrast agent similar to top of superior sympathetic ganglion (arrowhead) located medial to ICA. D. Axial CE FS T1-TFE image of patient with metastasis to skull base showing large enhancing mass invading right occipitotemporal bone, including jugular foramen (short arrows) but not containing discernible lower cranial nerves. Note normal, superior vagal ganglion (long arrow), and glossopharyngeal nerve (thin arrow) on left side.