Table 2.

Hazard Ratio (95% CI) of Hip Fracture: Base Model (Age, Race, Clinic), Base Model +Femoral Neck Bone Mineral Density (FNBMD), Multivariate Model (MV), and Competing Risk MV Model

Variable	Referent/unit for HRa	Base	Base +FNBMD	MV model HR (95% CI)	MV model (competing risk)
Age (≥75 years)	<75 years	4.56 (3.25, 6.39)	3.20 (2.27, 4.50)	2.30 (1.57, 3.36)	2.01 (1.35, 2.99)
Femoral neck BMD	−0.128 g/cm2	—	3.26 (2.70, 3.93)	3.04 (2.47, 3.73)	3.01 (2.40, 3.76)
Chair stands (highest quartile or unable)	Quartiles 1, 2, 3	2.06 (1.52, 2.79)	1.87 (1.38, 2.54)	1.31 (0.94, 1.82)	1.17 (0.84, 1.65)
Current smoker	No	3.09 (1.66, 5.76)	2.27 (1.22, 4.25)	2.05 (1.05, 3.98)	1.78 (0.91, 3.48)
Protein (% total energy)	2.9%	0.76 (0.64, 0.89)	0.82 (0.70, 0.97)	0.81 (0.69, 0.96)	0.82 (0.69, 0.97)
Any fracture (≥50 years)	No	2.15 (1.59, 2.90)	1.59 (1.17, 2.16)	1.48 (1.07, 2.04)	1.41 (1.02, 1.95)
Height (average)	6.89 cm	0.98 (0.84, 1.14)	1.12 (0.96, 1.30)	1.24 (1.05, 1.47)	1.24 (1.05, 1.45)
Height loss (since age 25 years)	−2.95 cm	1.38 (1.22, 1.55)	1.34 (1.17,1.53)	1.34 (1.16, 1.56)	1.26 (1.09, 1.46)
Medications
Hypoglycemic use	No	1.20 (0.71, 2.06)	1.69 (0.99, 2.88)	1.59 (0.92, 2.74)	1.31 (0.73, 2.33)
Long-acting benzodiazepine	No	2.03 (0.75, 5.50)	2.96 (1.09, 8.06)	2.50 (0.90, 6.98)	2.60 (1.00, 6.76)
Tricyclic antidepressant	No	2.56 (1.20, 5.48)	2.93 (1.37, 6.27)	2.77 (1.27, 6.04)	2.29 (1.04, 5.08)
Medical history
Hyperthyroidism	No	2.83 (1.33, 6.02)	2.86 (1.34, 6.10))	2.86 (1.32, 6.20)	2.27 (0.93, 5.52)
Parkinson’s disease	No	4.95 (2.03, 12.06)	3.77 (1.55, 9.21)	3.32 (1.21, 9.07)	2.29 (0.81, 6.52)
Stroke	No	2.41 (1.56, 3.73)	1.97 (1.26, 3.06)	1.56 (0.96, 2.56)	1.40 (0.82, 2.38)
Myocardial infarction or Angina	No	1.71 (1.25, 2.33)	1.90 (1.38, 2.60)	1.59 (1.13, 2.23)	1.45 (1.02, 2.08)
Executive function (Trails B/s)	58.8 seconds	1.46 (1.24, 1.68)	1.41 (1.23, 1.62)	1.33 (1.15, 1.53)	1.21 (1.04, 1.41)

^aUnit for HR for continuous variable: 1 SD.

Bold =statistically significant.