Table 6.
Results of fitted multi-level models for percents of mutually exclusive maternal behaviors during a 10-minute interaction, controlling for child communicative tokens (n = 99).
| Maternal Behavior |
Level at 14 months (Intercept) |
Difference between 14 and 24 months |
Difference between 14 and 36 months |
Child Vocal Communication (z-score) |
−2LL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensitive Maternal Behaviors | |||||
|
| |||||
| Acknowledge | 8.5507***
(0.6203) |
−1.0293 (0.9834) |
−2.8512*
(1.3416) |
1.6638**
(0.5790) |
1289.53 |
| Comment on Choice |
0.2530*
(0.1249) |
0.2148 (0.1750) |
−0.1814 (0.2282) |
0.0042 (0.0930) |
545.02 |
| Imitate | 1.3056***
(0.3362) |
0.8684~
(0.4598) |
0.8100 (0.6086) | 0.4221~
(0.2529) |
946.31 |
| Interpret | 4.4291***
(0.4246) |
−1.0343~
(0.5641) |
−1.0412 (0.7577) |
0.2297 (0.3209) |
1040.21 |
| Positive Comment | 1.3040***
(0.2800) |
0.2502 (0.3729) |
0.7969 (0.4986) |
−0.0598 (0.2119) |
877.53 |
| Praise | 0.3898**
(0.1263) |
0.2440 (0.1736) |
−0.2834 (0.2290) |
−0.0413 (0.0948) |
548.81 |
| Share Engagement |
4.1377***
(0.4158) |
−0.2582 (0.5337) |
−1.1149 (0.7270) |
0.7916*
(0.3132) |
1030.61 |
| Sooth | 0.4689**
(0.1610) |
−0.1177 (0.2232) |
−0.4831 (0.2931) |
0.0265 (0.1206) |
647.87 |
|
| |||||
| Stimulating Maternal Behaviors | |||||
|
| |||||
| Correct | 0.8828*
(0.3702) |
1.2161**
(0.4494) |
3.0457***
(0.6225) |
−0.4690~
(0.2735) |
981.27 |
| Define | 10.9686***
(0.8752) |
1.2573 (1.1508) |
0.1704 (1.5528) |
0.9319 (0.6613) |
1333.57 |
| Direct Attention | 18.3851***
(1.0083) |
−10.4684***
(1.3888) |
−15.8169***
(1.8306) |
−0.2731 (0.7568) |
1392.42 |
| Explain | 5.5385***
(0.6784) |
0.7509 (0.9066) |
−0.3789 (1.2144) |
0.0382 (0.5125) |
1230.62 |
| Inform | 0.5439***
(0.1421) |
0.0337 (0.1911) |
0.5886*
(0.2551) |
0.0143 (0.1072) |
566.02 |
| Onomatopoeia | 1.1413***
(0.1943) |
−0.5936*
(0.2583) |
−0.9113*
(0.3483) |
0.0673 (0.1470) |
719.22 |
| Question | 5.7080***
(0.7675) |
2.7482**
(1.0286) |
0.5898 (1.3759) |
0.3546 (0.5797) |
1280.82 |
| Read Text | −0.8129 (0.8820) |
4.6297***
(1.1777) |
11.5465***
(1.5781) |
−2.0891**
(0.6665) |
1337.17 |
| Request | 4.9026***
(0.5686) |
0.8205 (0.7693) |
0.0043 (1.0241) |
0.2158 (0.4289) |
1159.31 |
| Self Reference | 1.2055***
(0.2411) |
0.4927 (0.3124) |
0.9617*
(0.4240) |
0.1117 (0.1819) |
809.72 |
| Test Knowledge | 4.7261***
(0.7692) |
4.2127***
(1.0647) |
3.1525*
(1.39926) |
−0.4202 (0.5762) |
1282.70 |
~
p < .10,
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01,
***
p < .001