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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Transp Health. 2016 Mar 22;3(4):467–478. doi: 10.1016/j.jth.2016.02.010

Table 3.

Associations of built environment attributes with any walking for transport (n=11,674)

Built environment variable (unit) Buffer size Model Linear association Interactions by study site Curvilinear (MEV Model)
OR (95% CI) p
Net residential density (1000 dwellings/km2) 1km SEV 2.33# (1.07, 5.01) 0.030 Adelaide
Ghent
Aarhus
Seattle
Baltimore		 graphic file with name nihms772109t1.jpg
MEV 1.90# (0.99, 3.66) 0.055 Adelaide
Ghent
Aarhus
Seattle
Baltimore
500m SEV 1.06# (1.04, 1.07) <0.001 NS.
MEV 2.51# (1.19, 5.34) <0.001 NS.
Land use mix - 3 uses 1km SEV 2.58 (2.01, 3.30) <0.001 Ghent
Wellington
Seattle		 NONE
MEV 1.52 (1.17, 1.97) 0.001 Ghent
Wellington
Seattle
500m SEV 2.22 (1.78, 2.76) <0.001 Ghent
Seattle
MEV 1.48 (1.17, 1.86) <0.001 NS.
Intersection density (100 intersections/km2) 1km SEV 1.71# (1.42, 2.04) <0.001 NS. graphic file with name nihms772109t2.jpg
MEV - - NS.
500m SEV 1.43# (1.24, 1.64) <0.001 NS.
MEV 0.99# (0.79, 1.25) 0.963 NS.
No. parks contained or intersected by buffer (1 park/km2) 1km SEV 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) 0.005 NS. graphic file with name nihms772109t3.jpg
MEV 1.00# (0.97, 1.03) 0.805 NS.
500m SEV 1.03 (1.00, 1.06) 0.026 Ghent
Aarhus
Seattle
MEV - - NS.

Notes. SEV = single-environment-variable model; MEV = multi-environment-variable model; OR = odds ratio; 95 % CI = 95% confidence intervals; ; - = excluded from the model as not a significant independent correlate of the outcome.

#

significant curvilinear relationship (see corresponding Figure); All regression coefficients are adjusted for respondents’ age, sex, marital status, educational attainment, employment status, administrative-unit socio-economic status, and city.