Table 1. Simplified table of the ten sections that make up the three ethical frameworks.

Sections are coloured BLUE if a similar section is present in all three frameworks, GREEN if they appear in two frameworks and YELLOW if they are only in one framework.

Criteria Number	WHO	Emanuel et al.	MSF
1	Scientific design and conduct of the study	Scientific validity	• What is the research question? • Why is it important? • How is the methodology and proposed analysis appropriate given the research question(s)?
2	Risks and potential benefits	Favourable risk-benefit ratio	• What are the anticipated harms and benefits?
3	Protection of research participants’ privacy and confidentiality	Respect for participants	• How do you plan to protect confidentiality? • How do you plan to access, store and distribute any collected biological material? • What will happen when the research is either stopped or is complete? • How will the findings be disseminated? • How will the findings be implemented?
4	Informed consent process	Informed consent	• What are your plans for obtaining consent?
5	Community considerations	Collaborative partnership, social value	• What is the context in which the research will be conducted? • How has this influenced the research design? • Are there any other parties involved in the research? • What potential interests of these parties might conflict with MSF’s mission and values?
6	Selection of study population and recruitment of research participants	Fair participant selection
7	Inducements, financial benefits and financial costs
8		Independent review
9			Are all relevant resources for the research secured?
10			Have the research staff the relevant training and protection?