Exhibit 2.
Age-adjusted Percentages of US Whites and Blacks Ages 65 and Older with Specific Types of Activity Limitations, 1982, 2004, and 2011
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White
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Black
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tests
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Tests
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| 1982 | 2004 | 2011 | 82 vs. 04 | 04 vs. 11 | 82 vs. 11 | 1982 | 2004 | 2011 | 82 vs. 04 | 04 vs. 11 | 82 vs. 11 | |
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| Severity | % | % | % | p | p | p | % | % | % | p | p | p |
| Any Limitation | 26.3 | 19.6 | 22.1 | *** | *** | *** | 35.0 | 25.2 | 32.1 | *** | *** | ** |
| Moderate | 12.4 | 10.1 | 12.3 | *** | *** | 19.5 | 11.4 | 17.7 | *** | *** | ||
| Severe | 6.7 | 5.8 | 6.9 | *** | *** | 10.9 | 8.7 | 10.0 | * | |||
| Nursing facility | 7.2 | 3.6 | 2.9 | *** | *** | *** | 4.6 | 5.1 | 4.4 | |||
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| Personal care activity limitations | ||||||||||||
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| Eating | 6.5 | 3.9 | 3.8 | *** | *** | 5.8 | 5.8 | 6.0 | ||||
| Getting in or out of bed | 8.8 | 5.5 | 6.2 | *** | ** | *** | 9.4 | 8.9 | 9.8 | |||
| Getting in or out of chairs | 9.4 | 6.4 | 6.8 | *** | *** | 9.8 | 9.4 | 11.3 | * | |||
| Walking around inside | 12.3 | 8.9 | 7.7 | *** | *** | *** | 14.8 | 12.5 | 11.4 | * | *** | |
| Going outside | 16.1 | 11.9 | 11.7 | *** | *** | 21.1 | 16.2 | 17.2 | *** | *** | ||
| Dressing | 8.8 | 5.6 | 6.8 | *** | *** | *** | 10.4 | 8.7 | 11.5 | * | *** | |
| Bathing | 11.2 | 7.3 | 7.5 | *** | *** | 13.4 | 10.4 | 12.2 | *** | |||
| Toileting | 8.2 | 5.3 | 5.2 | *** | *** | 9.6 | 8.5 | 9.4 | ||||
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| Household activity limitations | ||||||||||||
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| Prepare meals | 11.1 | 7.3 | 7.5 | *** | *** | 14.8 | 11.6 | 13.0 | *** | * | ||
| Laundry | 13.3 | 7.9 | 8.5 | *** | *** | 18.9 | 12.8 | 15.0 | *** | * | *** | |
| Light housework | 10.4 | 6.8 | 6.6 | *** | *** | 13.5 | 11.2 | 12.8 | *** | ** | ||
| Shop for groceries | 16.8 | 10.8 | 11.2 | *** | *** | 22.8 | 15.7 | 18.1 | *** | * | *** | |
| Manage money | 10.0 | 6.7 | 7.6 | *** | ** | *** | 13.3 | 11.1 | 13.3 | ** | ** | |
| Take medicine | 8.6 | 5.9 | 6.6 | *** | * | *** | 9.9 | 9.7 | 11.4 | |||
| Make telephone calls | 9.4 | 5.5 | 4.9 | *** | * | *** | 12.6 | 8.2 | 8.2 | *** | *** | |
SOURCE: Authors’ analysis of the 1982 and 2004 National Long Term Care Survey and the 2011 National Health and Aging Trends Study.
NOTE: Estimates adjusted to the age distribution for whites based on the 2010 US Census. Moderate is defined as limited in only household activities or 1-2 personal care activities; severe is defined as limited in 3 or more personal care activities. Personal care limitations are defined as having any problem (or can’t do or doesn’t do) an activity without help; household limitations are defined as being unable to do an activity without help because of a disability or health problem. Individuals in nursing facilities were assumed to have all limitations.
p<.10
p<.05
p<.01 for tests of difference.