Table 7. Potential risk factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) among indigenous longhouse communities (Univariate analysis, N = 341).

		IPIs
Variables	N	n	(%)	OR (95% CI)	p value
Age in years
≥12	132	79	59.8	1.1(0.7,1.1)
<12	209	117	56.0	1	0.482
Gender
Male	155	92	59.4	1.2 (0.7,1.8)
Female	186	104	55.9	1	0.522
Education levels
Non educated	118	71	60.2	1.2(0.8, 1.9)
Educated	223	125	56.1	1	0.465
Employment status
Unemployed	210	119	56.7	0.9(0.6,1.4)
Employed	131	77	58.8	1	0.701
Household income
< RM500	226	127	56.2	0.9(0.5,1.4)
≥ RM500	115	69	60.0	1	0.502
Presence of toilet in house
No	112	77	68.8	2.0(1.3,3.3)
Yes	229	119	52.0	1	0.003*
Indiscriminate defecation
Yes	217	112	56.2	0.9(0.6,1.4)
No	124	74	59.7	1	0.535
Presence of domestic animal
Yes	328	190	57.9	1.6(0.5,4.9)
No	13	6	46.2	1	0.400
Eating with hands
Yes	338	195	57.7	1.7(0.3,8.6)
No	3	1	33.3	1	0.396
Close contact with domestic animals
Yes	332	194	58.4	2.6(0.8,9.0)
No	9	2	22.2	1	0.030*
Iron supplement
No	331	188	56.8	0.7(0.5,1.0)
Yes	10	8	80.0	1	0.144
Anthelminthic drugs
No	291	164	56.4	0.7(0.4,1.4)
Yes	50	32	64.0	1	0.313
Taking bath once a day
No	63	44	69.8	1.2(1.1,1.6)
Yes	278	152	54.7	1	0.028
Changing clothes once a day
No	54	39	72.2	1.3(1.1,1.6)
Yes	287	157	54.7	1	0.017
Wearing shoes outside the house
No	160	88	55.0	0.9(0.5,1.3)
Yes	181	108	59.7	1	0.384
Washing hands after defecation
No	56	30	53.6	0.9(0.5,1.5)
Yes	285	166	58.2	1	0.518
Washing handsbefore and after playing with soil
No	66	35	53.0	0.8(0.5,1.4)
Yes	275	161	58.5	1	0.416

N: Total number examined; n: Number of IPIs

Reference group marked as OR = 1; CI: Confidence interval

Significant association (p< 0.05)

*Variables were confirmed by multivariate analysis as significant predictors of IPIs