Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the study subjects.
| PARAMETERS | TOTAL | GDM | OVERT | PREGDM | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of subjects | 50 | 18 | 16 | 16 | 0.102 |
| Age (years)mean ± SD | 29.1 ± 5.1 | 28.2 ± 4.8 | 27.3 ± 4.8 | 31.4 ± 5.1 | 0.905 |
| Age At Diagnosis (years) mean ± SD | 28.3 ± 4.7 | 28.2± 4.8 | 27.7 ± 5.1 | 28.5 ± 6.8 | NA |
| Average Week of detection /Duration (Median & range) | 20 weeks (8 to 32) | 16 Weeks (5 to 32) | #22 months (1 to 60) | ||
| * BMI (kg/m2) | 27.47 ± 3.82 | 26 ± 3.84 | 29.0 ± 2.56 | 26.4 ± 4.46 | 0.218 |
| 18.5–23 | 7 [14%] | 2 (11.1%) | 1(6.2%) | 4(25%) | 0.496 |
| 23.1–24.9 | 11[22%] | 5(27.8%) | 1(6.2%) | 1 (6.2%) | |
| 25–29.9 | 25 [50%] | 7(38.9%) | 10 (62.5%) | 8(50%) | |
| 30–34.9 | 7[14%] | 4 (22.2%) | 4(25%) | 3(18.7%) | |
| 3 generation family history of diabetes | 27 [54%] | 7(11.1%) | 9(56.2%) | 11(68.8%) | 0.213 |
| Number of pregnancies | |||||
| Primigravida | 24 (48%) | 11 (61.1%) | 7 (43.8%) | 6 (37.5%) | |
| Multigravida (≥ G2) | 26 (52%) | 7 (38.9%) | 9 (56.2%) | 10 (62.5%) | |
| Previous pregnancies | |||||
| Previous GDM | 5 (20%) | 2 | 1 | 1 | NS |
| Previous miscarriages | 13 (50%) | 6 | 5 | 2 | |
| Previous congenital anomaly | 1 (3.8%) | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Previous LGA | 4 (15.4%) | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
| Previous LSCS | 9 (34.6%) | 4 | 4 | 1 | |
| Glycaemic profile | |||||
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg%)[mean± sd] | 125 ± 35 | 98±13 | 150±24 | 130 ± 38 | <0.0001 |
| 2hour post meal Fasting plasma glucose (mg%) (mean± sd) | 186 ± 58 | 147±23 | 213±51 | 206 ± 70 | <0.003 |
| HbA1c (%) mean± sd | 7.18±1.51 | 5.5±0.5 [n = 13] | 7.4±1.2 [n = 13] | 8.2±1.3 [n = 15] | <0.0001 |
*Calculated based on preconception weight / weight recorded at the visit in first trimester.
# All except for one subject who had diabetes for 16 years.LGA / macrosomia = Birth weight of > 90th percentile (≥ 3.50 kg) in the neonates. BMI: Body Mass Index, N/S: not significant, N/A: not applicable. Multigravida (≥G2): a woman that is or has been pregnant for at least a second time. LSCS: