| da Silva, 2014a[28] |
Brazil, Community-dwelling adults, Age ≥ 60 years, Age: 69.6 ± 0.6 years, Women: 59.5% |
1149 |
5 years (mean follow-up of 4.19 ± 0.4 years), Two groups: Sarcopenic / Non-sarcopenic |
Anthropometric equation: Lee equation |
Hand-held dynamometer |
Gait speed determined by the walk test of the SPPB (4 m) |
15.4% |
Mortality |
| da Silva, 2014b[29] |
Brazil, Community-dwelling adults, Age ≥ 60 years, Age: 68.9 ± 0.4 years, Women: 56.5% |
328 |
4 years, Two groups: Sarcopenic / Non-sarcopenic |
Anthropometric equation: Lee equation |
Hand-held dynamometer |
Gait speed determined by the walk test of the SPPB (4 m) |
13.4% |
Functional disability |
| Vetrano, 2014[19] |
Italy, Hospitalized patients, Age ≥ 65 years, Age: 80.8 ± 7 years, Women: 56% |
In-hospital mortality: 770 / 1-year mortality: 650 |
1 year, Two groups: Sarcopenic / Non-sarcopenic |
BIA |
Hand-held dynamometer |
Gait speed (4 m) |
28% |
Mortality (in hospital, one-year mortality) |
| Sanchez-Rodriguez, 2014[20] |
Spain, Hospitalized patients, Age ≥ 75 years, Age: 84.6 ± 6.6 years (range: 76 to 80.5 years), Women: 61,6% |
99 |
3 months, Two groups: Sarcopenic / Non-sarcopenic |
BIA |
Hand-held dynamometer |
None |
46.5% |
Mortality, Functional status |
| Sánchez-Rodríguez, 2015[27] |
Spain, Hospitalized patients, Age ≥ 70, Age: 84,1 ± 8,5 years, Women: 62 (62%) |
100 |
3 months, Two groups: Sarcopenic / Non-sarcopenic |
BIA |
Hand-held dynamometer |
Gait speed (4 m) |
58% |
Functional status, Length of stay |
| Tanimoto, 2013[33] |
Japan, Community-dwelling elderly, Age: ≥ 65, Age: Men: 73.3 ± 5.9 years / Women: 73.1 ± 6.2 years, Women: 63,4% (471) |
716 |
2 years Three groups: Sarcopenic / Intermediate / Non-sarcopenic |
BIA |
Hand-held dynamometer |
Gait speed (5 m) |
9.36% |
Functional disability |
| Arango-Lopera, 2013[30] |
Mexico, Community-dwelling elderly, Age: ≥ 70, Age: 78.5 ±7 years, Women: 53.3% |
345 |
3 years, Two groups: Sarcopenic / Non-sarcopenic |
Calf circumference |
Hand-held dynamometer |
Gait speed |
33.6% |
Mortality |
| Landi, 2013[21] |
Italy, Frail octogenarians living in the community, Age: 80 to 85 years, Age: 82.2 ± 1.4 years, Women: 131 (66.5%) |
197 |
7 years, Two groups: Sarcopenic / Non-sarcopenic |
Mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) |
Handgrip dynamometer |
Gait speed (4 m) |
21.8% |
Mortality |
| Landi, 2012a[22] |
Italy, Community-dwelling individuals, Age: ≥ 80, Age: 86,7 ± 5.4 years, Women: 177 (68%) |
260 |
2 years, Two groups: Sarcopenic / Non-sarcopenic |
Mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) |
Handgrip dynamometer |
Gait speed (4 m) |
25.4% |
Fall |
| Landi, 2012b[23] |
Italy, Elderly adults living in a nursing home, Age: ≥ 70, Age: 84.1 ± 4.8 years, Women: 91 (75%) |
122 |
6 months, Two groups: Sarcopenic / Non-sarcopenic |
BIA |
Handgrip dynamometer |
Gait speed (4 m) |
32.8% |
Mortality |
| Cerri, 2015[24] |
Italy, Elderly adults hospitalized with malnutrition or at risk of malnutrition, Age: ≥ 65 years, Age: (years) 84.2 ± 7.1 (range: 66–100), Women: 61 (59.2%) |
103 |
3 months, Three groups: Sarcopenic / Non-sarcopenic / Uncertain diagnosis |
BIA |
Handgrip dynamometer |
Gait speed (4 m) |
21.4% |
Mortality |
| Woo, 2015[34] |
China, Community-living elderly adults, Age: ≥ 65 years, Mean age: 75,4 years, Women: 246 (55.2%) |
Varying between 1872 and 4000, depending on the outcome |
4–10 years, depending on the outcome of interest, Two groups: Sarcopenic / Non-sarcopenic |
DXA |
Handgrip dynamometer |
Gait speed (6 m), Chair stands |
9.02% |
Mortality, Functional disability, Length of stay |
| Bianchi, 2015[25] |
Italy, Community-dwelling elderly adults, Age: ≥ 65 years, Age: 77.1 ± 5.5, Women: 288 (53.5%) |
538 |
55 months (median of follow-up), Three groups: Sarcopenic / Pre-sarcopenic / Non-sarcopenic |
BIA |
Handheld dynamometer |
Gait speed (4 m) |
10.2% |
Mortality, Hospitalization, Functional disability |
| Chalhoub, 2015[31] |
USA, Community-living elderly adults, Age: ≥ 65 years, Mean age: 76.8 years, Women: 16.7% (1114), Men: 5544 |
6658 |
Men (MrOS): 9 years, Women (SOF): 8 years, 4 groups:Normal BMD, No sarcopenia / Normal BMD, Sarcopenia / Low BMD, No sarcopenia /Low BMD, Sarcopenia |
DXA |
Dynamometer |
Gait speed (6 m) |
5.57% |
Fractures |
| Saka, 2015[26] |
Turkey, Nursing home residents, Age: ≥ 65 years, Mean age: 78.0 ± 7.9 years (65–101), Women: 49% (199) |
402 |
1 year, 4 groups: Sarcopenia—MN/MR / Sarcopenia—MN/MR + / Sarcopenia + MN/MR / Sarcopenia + MN/MR + |
Anthropometric measurements: Calf circumference, Mid-upper arm circumference |
Handheld dynamometer |
Gait speed (4 m) |
73.3% |
Mortality |
| Cawthon, 2015[32] |
USA, Ambulatory community-dwelling men, Age: ≥ 65 years, Mean age: 76.6 years, 100% men |
Varying between 3726 and 5934, depending on the outcome |
9.8 years, Two groups: Sarcopenic / Non-sarcopenic |
DXA |
Handgrip strength |
- Gait speed (6 m), Average of two trials, Chair stands |
4.3% |
Mortality, Falls, Fractures, Functional limitations |
| Kim, 2014[35] |
Korea, Community-dwelling older adults, Age: ≥ 65 years, Mean age: 73.6 years, Women: 48.9% (272) |
556 |
6 years, Two groups: Sarcopenic / Non-sarcopenic |
DXA |
Isokinetic device at an angular velocity of 60°/s |
SPPB score |
ASM/ht2: 8.8%, ASM/wt: 26% |
Mortality |
