Table 3. Primary and secondary cognition and other functional measures by treatment group: intensive vs guideline lipid lowering.
Comparison by multiple regression of mean on-treatment score with adjustment for baseline value, age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, time since stroke and treatment assignment (intensive vs guideline BP lowering).
| Outcome | Baseline | Intensive | Guideline | Mean difference (95% CI) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Follow-up (months) | - | 24.6 (10.6) | 22.9 (7.8) | ||
| Clinic | |||||
| ACE-R | 86.0 (7.6) | 86.5 (11.7) | 78.2 (22.2) | 4.4 (-2.1, 10.9) | 0.18 |
| MMSE | 27.9 (1.9) | 27.6 (3.2) | 25.3 (6.9) | 1.9 (-0.3, 4.1) | 0.085 |
| MoCA | 24.1 (2.6) | 24.1 (3.4) | 21.8 (6.3) | 1.2 (-0.9, 3.2) | 0.26 |
| TICS | 24.3 (4.2) | 23.9 (4.5) | 21.4 (7.4) | 1.3 (-0.9, 3.5) | 0.25 |
| Trail A (time), (seconds) | 58.1 (30.7) | 60.2 (41.1) | 89.6 (91.4) | -28.9 (-56.7, -1.1) | 0.045 |
| Trail A (correct answers) | 24.6 (2.9) | 24.0 (2.9) | 22.8 (5.7) | 1.1 (-0.8, 2.9) | 0.25 |
| Trail B (time), (seconds) | 151.5 (78.9) | 149.3 (81.6) | 195.7 (141.8) | -25.8 (-61.2, 9.6) | 0.15 |
| Trail B (correct answers) | 21.9 (5.7) | 22.8 (3.7) | 20.3 (7.0) | 2.7 (0.3, 5.0) | 0.025 |
| Informant (IQ-code) | 3.0 (0.5) | 3.0 (0.5) | 3.1 (0.5) | -0.1 (-0.3, 0.1) | 0.43 |
| Knafelc | 10.9 (9.9) | 9.0 (7.7) | 16.9 (21.2) | -5.0 (-10.3, 0.3) | 0.067 |
| Animal naming | 15.8 (5.4) | 17.5 (5.4) | 14.0 (6.1) | 3.0 (0.8, 5.3) | 0.008 |
| Stroop | |||||
| 1 accuracy | 23.2 (1.2) | 22.9 (2.7) | 20.9 (6.7) | 1.7 (-0.3, 3.8) | 0.092 |
| 1 time (seconds) | 54.6 (20.5) | 53.3 (29.5) | 77.0 (71.9) | -17.3 (-39.8, 5.3) | 0.13 |
| 2 accuracy | 23.4 (1.1) | 23.0 (2.5) | 21.4 (6.3) | 1.4 (-0.6, 3.4) | 0.16 |
| 2 time (seconds) | 46.0 (19.9) | 47.9 (28.0) | 66.1 (73.5) | -15.6 (-38.9, 7.6) | 0.19 |
| 3 accuracy | 20.0 (5.2) | 20.5 (4.1) | 17.0 (7.5) | 2.7 (0.3, 5.1) | 0.027 |
| 3 time (seconds) | 67.3 (34.8) | 66.0 (31.9) | 87.6 (74.3) | -20.5 (-44.2, 3.1) | 0.088 |
| Interference accuracy | -3.4 (5.3) | -3.1 (4.1) | -6.5 (7.6) | 2.7 (0.2, 5.1) | 0.033 |
| Interference time (seconds) | 21.3 (22.3) | 23.4 (23.7) | 38.2 (49.1) | -14.0 (-29.8, 1.8) | 0.082 |
| Telephone | |||||
| MMSE | 20.4 (1.7) | 20.1 (4.0) | 18.2 (6.1) | 1.7 (-0.4, 3.9) | 0.12 |
| TICS | 24.3 (4.2) | 25.0 (6.4) | 21.7 (8.2) | 2.1 (-0.9, 5.1) | 0.17 |
| Function | |||||
| mRS | 1.1 (0.8) | 1.1 (0.9) | 1.6 (1.4) | -0.5 (-1.0, 0.0) | 0.036 |
| Barthel Index | 98.1 (4.1) | 95.1 (12.0) | 87.2 (23.6) | 7.5 (-0.5, 15.4) | 0.067 |
| HUS (EQ-5D) | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.2) | 0.1 (0.0, 0.2) | 0.084 |
| EQ-VAS | 73.0 (17.8) | 75.3 (14.9) | 65.9 (21.4) | 8.6 (1.7, 15.5) | 0.014 |
| ZDS | 45.6 (12.7) | 45.5 (12.0) | 48.4 (16.2) | -3.0 (-8.2, 2.1) | 0.25 |
ACE-R: Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-R; EQ-VAS: EuroQoL-Visual Analogue Scale; HUS: Health Utility Status (from EuroQoL 5-dimensions); MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; mRS: modified Rankin Scale; TICS: Telephone Interview Cognition Scale; t-MMSE: telephone-Mini-Mental State Examination; ZDS: Zung Depression Scale.
Patients who died were assigned the following scores: -5: BI; -1: ACE-R, EQ-VAS, MMSE, MoCA, Stroop accuracy, TICS, Trail making A & B correct answers, animal naming; 0: EQ-5D/HUS; 6: mRS; 102.5: ZDS; 301 secs: Stroop time alive censored at 300 secs; 403: Trail making A time; 601 Trail making B time