Table 4. Comparison between antiplatelet naïve patients and patients with prior and/or acute antiplatelet therapy†.
| Bridging without any Antiplatelets (n = 117) | Bridging with any Antiplatelets (n = 112) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | |||
| Sex female, n (%) | 56 (47.9) | 37 (33.0) | 0.031 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 66 (16) | 71 (12) | 0.05 |
| NIHSS score, median (range) | 14 (8) | 17 (7) | 0.008 |
| Vascular risk factors | |||
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 13/116 (11.2) | 27 (24.1) | 0.014 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 63/116 (54.3) | 82 (73.2) | 0.004 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, n (%) | 55/115 (47.8) | 62/111 (55.9) | 0.234 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 27/106 (25.5) | 19/94 (20.2) | 0.404 |
| Etiology | |||
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 44/96 (45.8) | 39/100 (39.0) | 0.386 |
| Coronary heart disease, n (%) | 7/116 (6.0) | 30 (26.8) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory findings | |||
| INR, mean (SD) | 1.05 (0.1) | 1.05 (0.1) | 0.315 |
| Platelet count, mean (SD) | 217 (64) | 219 (71) | 0.728 |
| Serum glucose, mmol/l, mean (SD) | 7.0 (2.1) | 7.4 (2.2) | 0.121 |
| Blood pressure | |||
| Systolic blood pressure on admission, mean (SD) | 155 (31) | 154 (24) | 0.827 |
| Diastolic blood pressure on admission, mean (SD) | 83 (18) | 83 (20) | 0.669 |
| Maximum systolic blood pressure during intervention, mean (SD) | 173 (26) | 173 (23) | 0.639 |
| Maximum diastolic blood pressure during intervention, mean (SD) | 86 (17) | 87 (19) | 0.96 |
| Anterior circulation stroke, n (%) | 100 (85.5) | 96 (85.7) | 1.000 |
| ICA | 29 (24.8) | 44 (39.3) | 0.023 |
| M1/2 | 71 (60.7) | 52 (46.4) | 0.034 |
| Posterior circulation stroke, n (%) | |||
| BA | 15 (12.8) | 16 (14.3) | 0.847 |
| other | 2 (1.7) | 0 | - |
| Therapy | |||
| Any preexisting antiplatelets, n (%) | 0 | 73 (65.2) | |
| Additional ASA during bridging, n (%) | 0 | 50 (44.6) | |
| Bridging Thrombolysis | |||
| IVT | |||
| Minutes from onset to start of IVT,mean (range) | 162 (52) | 167 (64) | 0.732 |
| rtPA dose, mg iv, mean (SD) | 51.9 (13.6) | 52.3 (14.7) | 0.497 |
| ET | |||
| Minutes from onset to start of ET, mean (range) | 272 (80) | 278 (94) | 0.497 |
| Administration of Urokinase ia, n (%) | 32 (27.4) | 37 (33.0) | 0.389 |
| Urokinase dose, IU ia, mean (SD) | 127000 (255000) | 135000 (232000) | 0.463 |
| Mechanical thrombolysis, n (%) | 107 (91.5) | 103 (92.0) | 1.0 |
| Stenting, n (%) | 3 (2.6) | 41 (36.6) | <0.001 |
| Outcome | |||
| Complete vessel recanalization (TIMI 3) | |||
| immediately after endovascular intervention | 77/115 (67.0) | 68 (60.7) | 0.337 |
| 24 h after endovascular intervention | 70/94 (74.5) | 60/80 (75.0) | 1.0 |
| Bleeding complications | |||
| sICH, n (%) | 7 (6.0) | 6/110 (5.5) | 1.0 |
| aICH, n (%) | 22 (18.8) | 23/109 (21.1) | 0.740 |
| systemic bleeding, n (%) | 3 (2.6) | 6 (5.4) | 0.325 |
| Clinical outcome | |||
| favourable outcome (mRS 0–2) after 3 months, n (%) | 60/108 (55.6) | 40/104 (38.5) | 0.014 |
| mortality | 23/108 (21.3) | 26/104 (25.0) | 0.625 |
Abbreviations: SD: standard deviation, NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, INR: international normalized ratio, ICA: internal carotid artery, M1/2: Segment 1 and 2 of the middle cerebral artery, BA: Basilar artery, ASA: Acetyl salicylic acid, IVT: intravenous thrombolysis, ET endovascular thrombectomy, TIMI: thrombolysis in myocardial infarction, sICH: symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, aICH: asymptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, mRS: modified Rankin Scale
†data about antiplatelet premedication missing in 2 patients of whom 1 patient had an aICH