. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 17.

Published in final edited form as: Br J Nutr. 2016 Oct 11;116(8):1416–1424. doi: 10.1017/S0007114516003226

Table 3.

Quartiles of fruit and vegetable servings and intake of dietary antioxidant nutrients^*

(Geometric means and 95 % confidence intervals of F₂-isoprostanes (F₂-IsoP) and 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-15-F_2t-isoprostane (15-F_2t-IsoP-M); n 888)

	F₂-IsoP						15-F_2t-IsoP-M
	Unadjusted			Adjusted^†			Unadjusted			Adjusted^†
	Mean	95% CI	P_trend	Mean	95% CI	P_trend	Mean	95% CI	P_trend	Mean	95% CI	P_trend
Fruits (servings/d)			<0·001			0·035			<0·001			0·365
<0·6	1·60	1·49, 1·72		1·53	142, 1·64		0·77	0·73, 0·82		0·73	0·69, 0·77
0·6–10	1·51	1·41, 1·62		1·51	1·41, 1·61		0·73	0·69, 0·78		0·72	0·68, 0·76
1·1–1·9	1·40	1·30, 1·50		1·41	1·32, 1·51		0·72	0·67, 0·76		0·73	0·69, 0·77
≥2·0	1·29	1·21, 1·37		1·36	1·28, 1·45		0·65	0·62, 0·69		0·68	0·65, 0·72
Vegetables (servings/d)			<0·001			<0·001			<0·001			<0·001
<1·6	1·64	1·53, 1·76		1·64	1·53, 1·77		0·76	0·71, 0·81		0·75	0·71, 0·80
1·6–2·6	1·44	1·35, 1·54		1·47	1·37, 1·56		0·76	0·72, 0·80		0·76	0·72, 0·80
2·7–4·2	1·40	1·31, 1·50		1·40	1·31, 1·50		0·68	0·64, 0·72		0·67	0·64, 0·71
≥4·3	1·31	1·22, 1·40		1·31	1·23, 1·41		0·66	0·63, 0·70		0·67	0·63, 0·71
Vitamin E (α-tocopherol, mg)			<0·001			<0·001			0·006			<0·001
<5·6	1·55	1·45, 1·66		1·66	1·53, 1·80		0·78	0·74, 0·83		0·83	0·77, 0·88
5·6–7·5	1·43	1·34, 1·53		1·49	1·39, 1·59		0·70	0·66, 0·74		0·72	0·68, 0·76
7·6–10·0	1·46	1·37, 1·56		1·44	1·35, 1·54		0·71	0·67, 0·75		0·70	0·67, 0·74
≥10·1	1·30	1·23, 1·41		1·24	1·14, 1·34		0·67	0·63, 0·71		0·62	0·58, 0·66
Vitamin C (mg)			<0·001			0·010			0·008			0·130
<55·4	1·60	1·49, 1·71		1·58	1·47, 1·69		0·77	0·73, 0·82		0·76	0·71, 0·80
55·4–84·1	1·47	1·37, 1·57		1·49	1·39, 1·59		0·74	0·70, 0·79		0·73	0·70, 0·78
84·2–121·7	1·39	1·30, 1·49		1·43	1·33, 1·52		0·67	0·63, 0·71		0·68	0·65, 0·72
≥121·8	1·30	1·22, 1·39		1·30	1·21, 1·40		0·67	0·64, 0·71		0·67	0·63, 0·71
β-Carotene (µg)			<0·001			<0·001			<0·001			<0·001
<2448·50	1·62	1·52, 1·74		1·59	1·49, 1·71		0·80	0·75, 0·85		0·78	0·74, 0·83
2448·50–4111·89	1·48	1·38, 1·58		1·50	1·40, 1·60		0·75	0·71, 0·79		0·75	0·71, 0·79
4111·90–6999·74	1·42	1·33, 1·52		1·44	1·35, 1·54		0·67	0·64, 0·71		0·67	0·64, 0·71
≥6999·75	1·26	1·17, 1·34		1·27	1·19, 1·36		0·64	0·60, 0·68		0·65	0·61, 0·68
Vitamin A (RAE)			<0·001			<0·001			0·001			<0·001
<543·40	1·58	1·47, 1·69		1·60	1·49, 1·72		0·78	0·73, 0·83		0·78	0·74, 0·83
543·40–745·79	1·44	1·34, 1·54		1·47	1·38, 1·58		0·72	0·67, 0·76		0·72	0·68, 0·76
745·80–1074·64	1·47	1·38, 1·58		1·48	1·38, 1·58		0·70	0·66, 0·74		0·70	0·66, 0·74
≥1074·65	1·28	1·19, 1·37		1·26	1·17, 1·35		0·66	0·62, 0·70		0·65	0·61, 0·69
Se (µg)			0·434			<0·001			0·961			<0·001
<60·10	1·43	1·34, 1·53		1·54	1·41, 1·67		0·73	0·69, 0·77		0·77	0·72, 0·83
60·10–78·59	1·46	1·36, 1·56		1·49	1·39, 1·60		0·69	0·65, 0·73		0·71	0·67, 0·75
78·60–103·74	1·46	1·36, 1·56		1·45	1·36, 1·55		0·72	0·68, 0·76		0·71	0·67, 0·75
≥103·75	1·40	1·31, 1·50		1·32	1·20, 1·44		0·71	0·67, 0·76		0·66	0·61, 0·71
Zn (mg)			0·085			0·010			0·571			0·073
<7·0	1·48	1·38, 1·59		1·58	1·45, 1·71		0·74	0·70, 0·79		0·79	0·74, 0·84
7·0–9·4	1·48	1·38, 1·58		1·53	1·43, 1·64		0·72	0·68, 0·76		0·74	0·70, 0·78
9·5–12·5	1·40	1·31, 1·50		1·38	1·30, 1·48		0·69	0·66, 0·74		0·68	0·65, 0·72
≥12·6	1·39	1·30, 1·48		1·32	1·21, 1·43		0·70	0·66, 0·74		0·64	0·60, 0·69
Lutein + zeaxanthin (µg)			<0·001			<0·001			<0·001			<0·001
<1927·95	1·67	1·57, 1·79		1·64	1·53, 1·76		0·82	0·77, 0·87		0·80	0·76, 0·85
1927·95–3299·89	1·42	1·33, 1·52		1·44	1·35, 1·54		0·72	0·68, 0·77		0·73	0·69, 0·77
3299·90–6159·49	1·45	1·35, 1·55		1·48	1·39, 1·58		0·70	0·66, 0·74		0·70	0·67, 0·74
≥6159·50	1·24	1·16, 1·33		1·25	1·16, 1·34		0·62	0·59, 0·66		0·63	0·59, 0·66
Lycopene (µg)			0·986			0·487			0·145			0·514
<2570·50	1·44	1·34, 1·54		1·46	1·35, 1·57		0·72	0·68, 0·76		0·72	0·68, 0·77
2570·50–4153·29	1·38	1·29, 1·48		1·41	1·32, 1·51		0·69	0·65, 0·73		0·70	0·66, 0·74
4153·30–6099·94	1·54	1·44, 1·65		1·56	1·46, 1·66		0·71	0·67, 0·75		0·71	0·67, 0·75
≥6099·94	1·39	1·30, 1·49		1·36	1·27, 1·47		0·73	0·69, 0·78		0·71	0·67, 0·76
α-Carotene (µg)			0·012			0·025			0·842			0·510
<238·40	1·49	1·39, 1·59		1·48	1·38, 1·58		0·74	0·70, 0·79		0·73	0·69, 0·78
238·40–442·19	1·54	1·44, 1·65		1·53	1·43, 1·64		0·72	0·68, 0·76		0·71	0·67, 0·75
442·20–839·49	1·36	1·27, 1·46		1·39	1·30, 1·49		0·70	0·66, 0·74		0·71	0·67, 0·75
≥839·50	1·36	1·27, 1·46		1·39	1·29, 1·49		0·69	0·65, 0·73		0·69	0·65, 0·73
Cryptoxanthin (µg)			0·019			0·379			0·201			0·636
<66·30	1·60	1·49, 1·71		1·55	1·44, 1·66		0·78	0·74, 0·83		0·75	0·71, 0·80
66·30–122·59	1·45	1·36, 1·56		1·45	1·36, 1·55		0·72	0·68, 0·76		0·71	0·67, 0·75
122·60–211·39	1·37	1·28, 1·47		1·41	1·32, 1·50		0·68	0·64, 0·72		0·70	0·66, 0·74
≥211·40	1·34	1·25, 1·44		1·38	1·29, 1·48		0·68	0·64, 0·72		0·69	0·65, 0·73
Total carotenoids (µg)			<0·001			<0·001			<0·001			<0·001
<8567·9	1·58	1·48, 1·70		1·60	1·49, 1·72		0·78	0·73, 0·82		0·78	0·74, 0·83
8567·9–12989·5	1·48	1·38, 1·58		1·50	1·41, 1·60		0·74	0·70, 0·78		0·74	0·70, 0·78
12989·6–20071·8	1·43	1·33, 1·53		1·46	1·36, 1·56		0·68	0·64, 0·72		0·68	0·65, 0·72
≥20071·9	1·27	1·19, 1·36		1·25	1·17, 1·34		0·66	0·62, 0·70		0·65	0·61, 0·69

RAE, retinol activity equivalents.

Values of F₂-IsoP and 15-F_2t-IsoP-M are expressed in ng/mg creatinine.

^†

Adjusted for age, BMI, race/ethnicity, physical activity, total energy intake, household income and current smoking status; fruit and vegetable servings additionally adjusted for any multivitamin/supplement use.