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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 17.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurosurg. 2015 Jan 30;122(4):725–734. doi: 10.3171/2014.11.JNS132172

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Magnetic resonance images (A and B) and intraoperative photographs (C and D) from a representative patient without postoperative language dysfunction. A: Preoperative parasagittal FLAIR image showing the patient’s left frontal opercular oligoastrocytoma involving the pars orbitalis, triangularis, and opercularis. B: Postoperative FLAIR image showing GTR of the tumor. There was no effect on the patient’s speech or language function after the operation. C: Intraoperative photograph of the operculum prior to resection and after mapping. None of the stimulated areas evoked motor movements or errors in reading or naming. D: Intraoperative photograph after the surgical resection was completed showing GTR, confirmed radiologically postoperatively. Figure is available in color online only.