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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 17.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurosurg. 2015 Jan 30;122(4):725–734. doi: 10.3171/2014.11.JNS132172

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Magnetic resonance images (A and B) and intraoperative photographs (C and D) from a representative patient with postoperative language dysfunction. A: Preoperative parasagittal FLAIR image showing the patient’s left frontal opercular oligoastrocytoma involving the pars triangularis and opercularis (but not orbitalis). B: Postoperative FLAIR image showing GTR of the tumor. The patient had transient difficulty with speech initiation postoperatively, which resolved completely within 2 weeks. C: Intraoperative photograph of the operculum prior to resection and after mapping. Stimulation of the area under tag 3 evoked tongue movement, and stimulation of area 5 evoked lip movement. No stimulation produced errors in naming or repetition. D: Intraoperative photograph after the resection was completed showing GTR, confirmed radiologically postoperatively. Figure is available in color online only.