2 years	5 years	7 years
Duration of stay (15 or more years)
Less than 5 years	0.69	0.60 ***	0.62 *
5–14 years	0.91	0.84 +	0.85 +
U.S.-born	1.13	1.28 ***	1.36 ***
Naturalized U.S. citizen	0.92	0.88	0.93
Language of interview (English only)
Spanish	1.07	1.12 +	1.19 **
Dual language	1.00	0.95	0.99
Language unknown	0.89	0.81 +	0.94
National origin (Mexican)
Puerto Rican	1.19	1.27 **	1.28 **
Cuban	1.02	1.12	1.12
Other Hispanic	0.69 ***	0.76 ***	0.81 ***
Male (female)	1.71 ***	1.59 ***	1.59 ***
Schooling (More than high school degree)
Less than high school	1.33 *	1.36 ***	1.30 ***
High school degree	1.06	1.19 +	1.20 *
Unknown schooling	0.87	1.00	0.96
Below poverty line	1.28 *	1.26 ***	1.21 ***
Missing	0.99	1.01	0.97
Homeowner	0.82 *	0.88 *	0.85 ***
Smoking Status
Former Smoker	1.25	1.30 **	1.26 **
Current Smoker	1.33 +	1.70 ***	2.64 ***
Missing	3.67	2.55 *	1.24 **
Drinking Status (Never Drinker)
Former drinker	1.59 **	1.28 *	1.36 **
Current light/moderate drinker	0.83	0.74 **	0.80 *
Current heavy drinker	1.84	2.02 **	1.73 *
Missing	0.27	0.68	0.68
Body Mass Index
underweight	2.48	1.67	1.44
Overweight	0.77 +	0.79 *	0.86 +
Obese class 1	0.64 *	0.88	0.91
Obese class 2	1.26	0.91	1.00
Obese class 3	1.30	1.27 *	1.28 *
Not in Adult Sample	1.29	1.11	1.24 *

Source: 1998-2004 National Health Interview Surveys Linked Mortality File through 2006.

Note: referent in parentheses.

^†p ≤ .10.

^*p ≤ .05

^**p ≤ .01

^***p ≤ .001