Table 1.

Characteristics of AASK participants by baseline serum bicarbonate

	Serum ${\text{HCO}}_3^{-}$ (<20 mmol/l)	Serum ${\text{HCO}}_3^{-}$ (20–24.9 mmol/l)	Serum ${\text{HCO}}_3^{-}$ (25–29.9 mmol/l)	Serum ${\text{HCO}}_3^{-}$ (≥30 mmol/l)	P-value
Number	47	388	599	60
Age (years)	54±11	54±11	55±10	55±10	0.167
Male (%)	51.1	62.4	61.3	60.0	0.514
Randomized drug group (%)
Ramipril	34.0	42.3	39.2	35.0	0.514
Metoprolol	38.3	40.5	41.1	33.3	0.696
Amlodipine	27.7	17.3	19.7	31.7	0.034
Randomized BP group (%)
Strict control	46.8	51.0	48.4	50.0	0.854
Usual control	53.2	49.0	51.6	50.0	0.854
Atherosclerotic conditions (%)	12.8	12.1	16.1	10.0	0.259
Congestive heart failure (%)	4.3	2.6	2.3	3.3	0.849
Current or past smoking (%)	63.8	62.4	54.9	53.3	0.088
Body mass index (kg/m2)	26.8±6.5	30.5±6.5	30.8±6.5	31.8±7.1	<0.001
Mean arterial pressure (mm Hg)	116±16	113±15	114±16	117±19	0.286
GFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2)	34±13	43±14	49±13	49±12	<0.001
Urine protein/creatinine ratio (mg/g)a	410 (50, 1110)	130 (40, 580)	60 (20, 230)	70 (30, 260)	<0.001
Serum albumin (g/dl)	4.2±0.3	4.2±0.4	4.3±0.4	4.3±0.4	0.019
Diuretic use (%)	39.1	61.6	65.1	83.1	<0.001

Abbreviations: AASK, African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension; ANOVA, analysis of variance; BP, blood pressure; GFR, glomerular filtration rate.

^aMedian (interquartile range) presented.

P-values are calculated by ANOVA for continuous variables and χ²-values for dichotomous variables. Continuous measures are shown as mean±standard error.