Table 2.

Association of each mmol/l increase in baseline serum bicarbonate with the hazard of death, dialysis, or GFR event in the entire cohort (N=1090) and those with baseline serum bicarbonate levels of 20–30 mmol/l (N=1017)

Baseline ${\text{HCO}}_3^{-}$	Death, dialysis, or GFR event
	Entire cohort			20–30 mmol/l
	HR	95% CI	P-value	HR	95% CI	P-value
Model 1a	0.889	0.859–0.921	<0.0001	0.869	0.829–0.910	<0.0001
Model 2b	0.950	0.916–0.985	0.006	0.938	0.894–0.984	0.009
Model 3c	0.956	0.921–0.992	0.018	0.942	0.898–0.989	0.017
Model 4d	0.960	0.924–0.998	0.041	0.950	0.904–0.999	0.047

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HR, hazard ratio.

^aModel 1: adjusted for age, gender, and blood pressure and drug assignment.

^bModel 2: adjusted for Model 1 variables, GFR, and proteinuria at baseline.

^cModel 3: adjusted for Model 2 variables and accounting for measurement error in baseline GFR and proteinuria.

^dModel 4: adjusted for Model 3 variables, atherosclerotic conditions, congestive heart failure, mean arterial blood pressure, body mass index, smoking, serum albumin, and use of diuretics at baseline.