Table 3.

Association of each mmol/l increase in baseline serum bicarbonate with the hazard of dialysis or GFR event in the entire cohort (N=1090) and those with baseline serum bicarbonate levels of 20–30 mmol/l (N=1017)

Baseline ${\text{HCO}}_3^{-}$	Dialysis or GFR event
	Entire cohort			20–30 mmol/l
	HR	95% CI	P-value	HR	95% CI	P-value
Model 1a	0.872	0.838–0.907	<0.0001	0.927	0.877–0.980	< 0.0001
Model 2b	0.940	0.902–0.980	0.004	0.932	0.881–0.986	0.007
Model 3c	0.947	0.907–0.988	0.012	0.939	0.885–0.996	0.014
Model 4d	0.951	0.909–0.994	0.027	0.851	0.806–0.898	0.035

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HR, hazard ratio.

^aModel 1: adjusted for age, gender, and blood pressure and drug assignment

^bModel 2: adjusted for Model 1 variables, GFR, and proteinuria at baseline.

^cModel 3: adjusted for Model 2 variables and accounting for measurement error in baseline GFR and proteinuria.

^dModel 4: adjusted for Model 3 variables, atherosclerotic conditions, congestive heart failure, mean arterial blood pressure, body mass index, smoking, serum albumin, and use of diuretics at baseline.