Table 1.
Description of Instruments
| Task | Measure | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| WISC/WAIS-III digit span | - Maximum Span Forwards - Maximum Span Backwards |
An auditory task to measure the accuracy of verbal working memory; a sequence of numbers was announced, and should be replicated forwards (or backwards in the backwards condition), with increasing length. | Wechsler 2000/Wechsler 2002 |
| ANT visuo-spatial sequencing task | - Total number of identified targets in correct order | A computerized task to measure the accuracy of visuo-spatial working memory; a sequence of circles in a 3 × 3 grid should be replicated in the correct order by pointing to them, with increasing length. | Rommelse et al. 2008a, b; c
de Sonneville 1999 |
| Stop task | - RT on go-trials (ms) - SDRT on go-trials (ms), corrected for MRT. - Stop Signal Reaction Time (ms) - Percentage commission errors |
A computerized task to measure the speed and accuracy of inhibition of an ongoing response; go-trials required an accurate response to an external cue, with two choices (left or right); stop-trials required no response to an external cue. | Rommelse et al. 2008a, b; c
Logan and Cowan 1984 |
| ANT shifting attentional set | - RT Block 1 (ms) - SDRT Block 1, corrected for MRT |
Block 1: A computerized task to measure the speed and variability of motor output in response to an external cue, with two choices (left or right). | Rommelse et al. 2007a, b; c
de Sonneville 1999 |
| - RT Block 2 (ms), corrected for MRT Block 1 - Percentage errors, corrected for errors Block 1 |
Block 2: As in block 1, but in block 2 an incompatible response was required (pressing a button in the direction opposite to which the stimulus moved). | ||
| ANT baseline speed | - RT (ms) - SDRT, corrected for MRT. |
A computerized task to measure the speed and variability of motor output in response to an external cue (simple reaction time task) | Rommelse et al. 2008a, b; c
de Sonneville 1999 |
| Motor timing task | - SDRT, corrected for MRT (ms) - Mean absolute deviation (ms) |
A computerized task to measure the accuracy and variability of motor timing, requiring a response on a button when a subject thought a 1-s interval had elapsed after a tone. | Rommelse et al. 2008a, b, c, van Meel et al. 2005 |
| Time test | - Percentage of deviation visual modality (mean of three highest intervals) - Percentage of deviation auditory modality (mean of tree highest intervals) |
A computerized task to measure the precision of the reproduction of five time intervals (4, 8, 12, 16, 20s); A light bulb (visual modality) or a tone (auditory modality) was presented for a specific interval length, which had to be reproduced thereafter. | Rommelse et al. 2007a, b; c
Barkley 1998 |
| ANT pursuit | - Absolute deviation left hand | A computerized task to measure the precision of motor control; a randomly moving target should be followed as precisely as possible by moving a mouse cursor. | Rommelse et al. 2007a, b; c
de Sonneville 1999 |
| ANT tracking | - Absolute deviation left hand | A computerized task to measure the precision of motor control; an invisible midline should be traced with a mouse cursor as quickly and precisely as possible, between an inner and an outer circle. | Rommelse et al. 2007a, b; c
de Sonneville 1999 |
| WISC/WAIS-III vocabulary, similarities, block design, picture completion | - Estimated total IQ | Four subtests of the WISC/WAIS were used to estimate full-scale IQ. | Wechsler 2000/Wechsler 2002 |
ANT Amsterdamse Neuropsychologische Taken, MRT Mean reaction time, RT Reaction time, SDRT Standard deviation of reaction time, WAIS Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, WISC Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children