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. 2016 Dec 22;6(4):627–637. doi: 10.15171/apb.2016.077

Table 3. Lysosomal membrane damage induced by sumatriptan in rat liver hepatocytes and protective effect of antioxidants, radical scavengers, lysosomal membrane stabilizers, mitochondrial ATP generators, MPT pore sealing agents and CYP450 inhibitors .

Treatment Acridine orange redistribution
(intensity unit of diffused cytosolic green fluorescence)
Incubation time
15 min 30 min 60 min
Control (intact hepatocytes) 7.5 ± 2 9.9 ± 3 11.5 ± 3
Sumatriptan (5 mM) 34.3 ± 2a 39.5 ± 3a 53.2 ± 3a
+Taurine (200 µM) 14.3 ± 2b 17.5 ± 3b 24.6 ± 2b
+Quercetin (500 µM) 17.1 ± 2b 20.4 ± 2b 28.6 ± 3b
+NAC (200 µM) 15.3 ± 2b 18.6 ± 3b 26.9 ± 3b
+Vitamin E (100 µM) 19.4± 2b 24.8 ± 2b 31.5 ± 1b
+BHT (50 μM) 19.3 ± 2b 27.5 ± 1b 39.1 ± 1b
+Methylamine (30 mM) 18.4 ± 2b 21.1 ± 3b 30.7 ± 1b
+Chloroquine (100 μM) 20.1 ± 2b 22.2 ± 1b 36.0 ± 1b
+3-Methyladenine (5 mM) 21.1 ± 3b 25.5 ± 4b 34.9 ± 3b
+Fructose (10 mM) 19.8 ± 2b 27.3 ± 1b 38.1 ± 2b
+L- Gln (1 mM) 18.3 ± 2b 26.1 ± 2b 38.7 ± 3b
+ TFP (15 µM) 19.2 ± 3b 25.5 ± 3b 32.2 ± 2b
+Carnitine (2 mM) 20.3 ± 3b 24.9 ± 5b 37.1 ± 3b
+4- MP (500 µM) 17.2 ± 2b 22.9 ± 3b 31.3 ± 4b
+Cimetidine (2 mM) 18.6 ± 2b 24.7 ± 3b 33.9 ± 3b
GSH depleted hepatocytes 59.8 ± 2 87.4 ± 2 121.2 ± 1
+ Sumatriptan (5 mM) (in GSH depleted hepatocytes) 45.6 ± 3c 53.2 ± 2c 68.2 ± 2c

Lysosomal membrane fragility was measured as fluorescent intensity unit of diffused cytosolic green fluorescence induced by acridine orange following the redistribution from lysosomes into cytosol in acridine orange loaded hepatocytes. Results are expressed as mean ±S.E. of three separate experiments (n=3).

a Significantly higher than control (p < 0.05).

bSignificantly lower than sumatriptan treated hepatocytes (p < 0.05).

cSignificantly higher than sumatriptan treated hepatocytes (p < 0.05).