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. 2017 Jan 18;8(1):21–29. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v8.i1.21

Table 5.

Movements of the ankle joint and possible causes of restrictions[3,9]

Movement Normal range of motion Possible causes of restriction
Dorsiflexion 0-20 degrees Tight Achilles tendon Tightness of the posterior ligaments Loss of flexibility in the ankle syndesmosis Impingement of anterior soft tissue or osteophytes
Plantar flexion 0-50 degrees Anterior capsule/ligaments contractures Posterior impingement
Inversion 0-35 degrees Tension in the joint capsules and the lateral ligaments1
Eversion 0-15 degrees Tension in the joint capsules and the medial ligaments1
1

Inversion and eversion is mostly the motion of subtalar joint, the most common causes of restriction including subtalar arthritis, tarsal coalitions or calcaneal fracture malunion.