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. 2017 Jan 18;7:40817. doi: 10.1038/srep40817

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Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Blue light (BL) excites succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) in electron transport chain, which interacts with molecular oxygen to generate ROS. ROS inactivates ChrR, the anti-σ^E factor. Dissociated σ^E associates with core RNAP, and corresponding RNAP holoenzyme activates Pσ^E, promoter of the regulatory ChrR-σ^E operon. σ^E regulates expression levels of 159 genes. Also, ROS interacts with MerR, and suppresses or enhances expression levels of 63 genes includes its own gene. Ovals depict protein factors, short arrows show genes or operons, solid arrows and blunt-ended lines indicate positive and negative regulation, respectively.