Figure 6. The knockdown of NlSEF1 increases the mortality rates of BPH nymphs and reduces the honeydew production of female BPH adults.

(A and B) Mean mortality rates (+SE, n = 5) of BPH nymphs which had been injected with the dsRNA of NlSEF1 (dsSEF) or GFP (dsGFP), or kept non-manipulated (C-BPH) at the third-instar nymph stage, feeding on variety Mudgo (A) or TN1 (B). (C) Mean amount of honeydew per day (+SE, n = 40) secreted by a BPH female adult that had been injected with the dsRNA of NlSEF1 (dsSEF) or GFP (dsGFP) at the fifth-instar nymph stage or kept non-manipulated (C-BPH). Letters indicate significant differences among different treatments (P < 0.05, Duncan’s multiple range test).