Table 2. Log-dose (mg L–1) probit mortality data of B. tabaci populations tested.
| Populations | Genetic group | N | Slope ± SE | χ2 a dfb | LC50 (CL 95%) | RR50c (CL 95%) | RR50d (CL 95%) | RR50e (CL 95%) | LC90 (CL 95%) | RR90c (CL 95%) | RR90d (CL 95%) | RR90e (CL 95%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cypermethrin | ||||||||||||
| PUSA | Asia-II-7 | 197 | 2.06 ± 0.35 | 9.64 (4) | 10 (4–15) | 1.00 | — | — | 43 (27–140) | 1.00 | — | — |
| New Delhi | Asia-II-1 | 290 | 1.51 ± 0.12 | 12.82* (5) | 194 (104–350) | 19.40 (12.58–31.93) | 1.00 | — | 1840 (924–5733) | 42.80 (23.72–76.33) | 1.00 | — |
| Ludhiana | Asia-II-1 | 218 | 1.94 ± 0.46 | 4.60 (5) | 780 (368–1150) | 78.00 (45.28–144.04) | 4.03 (2.22–7.31) | — | 3558 (2327–8899) | 82.80 (42.35–159.86) | 1.93 (0.93–4.01) | — |
| Sriganganagar | Asia-II-1 | 290 | 1.32 ± 0.12 | 8.20 (5) | 1362 (741–3734) | 136.20 (86.36–230.06) | 7.03 (4.22–11.71) | — | 10518 (3806–16623) | 244.60 (101–585.70) | 5.72 (2.26–14.48) | — |
| Khandwa | Asia-I | 275 | 1.98 ± 0.34 | 5.07 (4) | 701 (236–1155) | 70.10 (43.84–120.01) | — | 3.00 (1.67–5.18) | 3110 (1857–10484) | 72.32 (41.45–124.75) | — | 4.69 (2.70–8.17) |
| Amravati | Asia-I | 211 | 1.34 ± 0.21 | 3.22 (4) | 238 (157–362) | 23.80 (14.77–41.17) | — | 1.00 | 662 (394–2600) | 15.32 (9.259–25.345) | — | 1.00 |
| Nadia | Asia-I | 237 | 2.24 ± 0.31 | 11.16* (5) | 255 (111–439) | 25.50 (17.18–40.68) | — | 1.07 (0.65–1.77) | 949 (536–3671) | 22.00 (13.01–37.03) | — | 1.43 (0.85–2.43) |
| Guntur | Asia-I | 238 | 2.89 ± 0.51 | 7.08 (5) | 261 (131–383) | 26.10 (17.74–41.20) | — | 1.10 (0.67–1.80) | 725 (482–1909) | 16.86 (10.23–27.44) | — | 1.09 (0.67–1.80) |
| Deltamethrin | ||||||||||||
| PUSA | Asia-II-7 | 298 | 2.19 ± 0.15 | 10.87 (6) | 10 (2–22) | 1.00 | 153 (66–265) | 1.00 | — | — | ||
| New Delhi | Asia-II-1 | 261 | 1.48 ± 0.15 | 9.88 (5) | 120 (62–236) | 12.00 (6.349–21.741) | 1.00 | — | 877 (401–3835) | 5.73 (2.57–12.80) | 1.00 | — |
| Ludhiana | Asia-II-1 | 214 | 4.81 ± 0.99 | 1.89 (3) | 760 (480–1032) | 76.00 (39.99–138.02) | 6.33 (3.87–10.33) | — | 1402 (1032–2086) | 9.16 (4.68–17.92) | 1.60 (0.85–3.03) | — |
| Sriganganagar | Asia-II-1 | 254 | 2.26 ± 0.30 | 1.08 (5) | 715 (519–960) | 71.50 (38.63–126.65) | 5.95 (3.77–9.41) | — | 2639 (1842–4509) | 17.25 (8.32–35.72) | 3.01 (1.50–6.05) | |
| Khandwa | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Amravati | Asia-I | 228 | 1.33 ± 0.14 | 5.07 (4) | 128 (71–229) | 12.80 (6.76–23.33) | — | 1.00 | 1168 (561–4298) | 7.63 (3.33–17.51) | — | 1.00 |
| Nadia | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Guntur | Asia-I | 236 | 1.98 ± 0.17 | 5.92 (4) | 242 (52–675) | 24.20 (10.82–51.68) | — | 2.00 (0.95–3.75) | 1204 (785–3196) | 7.87 (9.18–69.48) | — | 1.03 (0.63–9.01) |
| Triazophos | ||||||||||||
| PUSA | Asia-II-7 | 230 | 1.50 ± 0.17 | 6.87 (4) | 53 (24–102) | 1.00 | — | 392 (183–1794) | 1.00 | — | ||
| New Delhi | Asia-II-1 | 228 | 2.22 ± 0.37 | 5.57 (5) | 324 (199–517) | 6.11 (3.80–9.86) | 1.00 | — | 1219 (708–4113) | 3.11 (1.46–6.63) | 1.00 | — |
| Ludhiana | Asia-II-1 | 231 | 2.86 ± 0.46 | 0.35 (5) | 428 (319–549) | 8.10 (5.20–12.64) | 1.32 (0.88–1.99) | — | 1298 (890–1942) | 3.31 (1.56–5.85) | 1.06 (0.55–1.88) | — |
| Sriganganagar | Asia-II-1 | 336 | 2.53 ± 0.34 | 3.43 (4) | 525 (402–647) | 9.91 (6.48–15.25) | 1.62 (1.00–2.40) | — | 1683 (1314–2422) | 4.29 (2.33–7.92) | 1.38 (0.75–2.54) | — |
| Khandwa | Asia-I | 264 | 2.76 ± 0.55 | 8.98 (5) | 445 (131–672) | 8.40 (4.30–14.32) | — | 1.00 | 2875 (1615–8758) | 7.33 (3.35–16.08) | — | 1.00 |
| Amravati | Asia-I | 203 | 1.50 ± 0.18 | 4.20 (5) | 532 (382–757) | 10.04 (6.15–16.49) | — | 1.20 (0.71–2.31) | 3773 (2260–8205) | 9.63 (4.23–21.97) | — | 1.31 (0.56–3.06) |
| Nadia | Asia-I | 239 | 2.46 ± 0.50 | 5.91 (6) | 1429 (1071–1927) | 27.00 (17.22–42.49) | — | 3.21 (1.98–6.00) | 4730 (3104–11650) | 12.07 (5.51–26.50) | — | 1.65 (0.73–3.71) |
| Guntur | Asia-I | 330 | 1.63 ± 0.22 | 9.54 (6) | 636 (358–1016) | 12.00 (7.50–19.28) | — | 1.43 (0.87–2.71) | 3847 (2105–13290) | 9.81 (4.69–20.58) | — | 1.34 (0.62–2.88) |
| Monocrotophos | ||||||||||||
| PUSA | Asia-II-7 | 231 | 1.58 ± 0.21 | 4.79 (4) | 88 (42–154) | 1.00 | — | — | 298 (169–721) | 1.00 | — | — |
| New Delhi | Asia-II-1 | 221 | 1.48 ± 0.16 | 2.92 (4) | 528 (370–730) | 6.00 (3.61–10.09) | 1.00 | — | 1941 (1363–3057) | 6.51 (3.63–11.78) | 1.00 | — |
| Ludhiana | Asia-II-1 | 306 | 1.67 ± 0.33 | 4.50 (6) | 2114 (1536–3079) | 24.02 (14.57–40.06) | 4.00 (2.50–6.40) | — | 6732 (4256–17144) | 22.59 (10.69–47.73) | 3.47 (1.67–7.22) | — |
| Sriganganagar | Asia-II-1 | 239 | 1.87 ± 0.17 | 3.81 (5) | 1710 (1094–3075) | 19.43 (10.36–36.86) | 3.24 (1.77–5.93) | — | 7833 (4117–21842) | 26.31 (10.64–65.00) | 4.04 (1.65–9.85) | — |
| Khandwa | Asia-I | 244 | 1.60 ± 0.44 | 3.30 (4) | 2480 (1549–4133) | 28.18 (16.00–50.24) | — | 2.94 (1.56–5.56) | 8279 (4741–40222) | 27.80 (11.15–69.21) | — | 2.48 (0.90–6.82) |
| Amravati | Asia-I | 210 | 1.41 ± 0.29 | 3.85 (5) | 843 (464–1308) | 9.58 (5.21–17.80) | — | 1.00 | 3337 (2054–8098) | 11.20 (5.32–23.58) | — | 1.00 |
| Nadia | Asia-I | 220 | 1.36 ± 0.34 | 1.97 (4) | 3934 (2323–9720) | 44.70 (21.82 –92.60) | — | 5.0 (2.15–10.12) | 9537 (4933–48445) | 32.00 (16.08–50.78) | — | 2.86 (1.70–13.55) |
| Guntur | Asia-I | 263 | 1.35 ± 0.24 | 0.70 (4) | 1478 (934–2288) | 16.80 (9.40–30.04) | — | 1.75 (0.93–3.32) | 6179 (3691–15510) | 20.74 (9.49–45.32) | — | 1.85 (0.76–4.53) |
| Chlorpyrifos | ||||||||||||
| PUSA | Asia-II-7 | 221 | 1.70 ± 1.78 | 0.03 (4) | 12 (11– 14) | 1.00 | — | — | 16 (15–19) | 1.00 | — | — |
| New Delhi | Asia-II-1 | 223 | 1.57 ± 0.17 | 8.78 (5) | 201 (111–406) | 16.80 (11.26–23.25) | 1.5 (1.04–2.50) | — | 1320 (599–5971) | 82.50 (43.88–147.40) | 3.27 (1.33–5.42) | — |
| Ludhiana | Asia-II-1 | 246 | 1.92 ± 0.19 | 2.23 (4) | 137 (99–191) | 11.42 (8.97–17.27) | 1.00 | — | 404 (212–1192) | 25.25 (16.268–37.22) | 1.00 | — |
| Sriganganagar | Asia-II-1 | 208 | 2.19 ± 0.32 | 3.57 (4) | 163 (117–218) | 13.58 (9.57–17.99) | 1.19 (0.89–1.94) | — | 626 (440–1069) | 39.13 (24.55–59.18) | 1.55 (0.73–2.24) | — |
| Khandwa | Asia-I | 183 | 2.01 ± 0.24 | 4.44 (4) | 56 (33–88) | 4.70 (3.263–6.245) | — | 1.00 | 245 (147–572) | 15.31 (9.66–23.04) | — | 1.00 |
| Amravati | Asia-I | 220 | 1.64 ± 0.20 | 7.74 (5) | 220 (129–412) | 18.33 (12.46–24.98) | — | 3.91 (2.47–6.19) | 1326 (638–5374) | 82.90 (44.40–146.95) | — | 5.42 (2.63–11.14) |
| Nadia | Asia-I | 189 | 2.34 ± 0.29 | 6.34 (4) | 118 (63–189) | 9.83 (7.04–12.69) | — | 2.09 (1.37–3.19) | 416 (251–1054) | 26.00 (17.49–36.77) | — | 1.70 (0.98–2.94) |
| Guntur | Asia-I | 228 | 2.17 ± 0.40 | 5.03 (5) | 309 (173–439) | 25.75 (18.06–34.20) | — | 5.51 (3.55–8.54) | 1204 (785–3196) | 75.25 (46.45–115.10) | — | 4.92 (2.66–9.05) |
| Imidacloprid | ||||||||||||
| PUSA | Asia-II-7 | 214 | 1.65 ± 0.15 | 3.72 (6) | 52 (19–80) | 1.00 | — | — | 601 (247–386) | 1.00 | — | — |
| New Delhi | Asia-II-1 | 247 | 1.52 ± 0.22 | 3.64 (5) | 178 (122–296) | 3.42 (1.68–6.08) | 1.00 | — | 1871 (569–8436) | 3.11 (816–6391) | 1.00 | — |
| Ludhiana | Asia-II-1 | 416 | 2.00 ± 0.11 | 9.03 (5) | 664 (307–2016) | 12.77 (8.98–40.08) | 3.73 (2.95–11.87) | — | 5032 (1543–8209) | 8.37 (4.35–15.64) | 2.69 (1.95–9.87) | — |
| Sriganganagar | Asia-II-1 | 221 | 2.11 ± 0.20 | 3.14 (5) | 901 (581–1958) | 17.33 (8.74–39.74) | 5.06 (2.86–11.78) | — | 5517 (2542–13506) | 9.18 (2.89–37.94) | 2.95 (2.58– 26.75) | — |
| Khandwa | Asia-I | 273 | 2.23 ± 0.36 | 7.00 (5) | 175 (99–257) | 3.37 (1.93–5.95) | — | 1.34 (0.88–2.06) | 857 (412–1940) | 1.41 (0.47–2.53) | — | 1.10 (0.48–1.36) |
| Amravati | Asia-I | 232 | 1.88 ± 0.25 | 7.91 (4) | 170 (120–338) | 3.30 (1.80–6.01) | — | 1.30 (0.81–2.10) | 815 (413–6290) | 1.36 (0.61–3.03) | — | 1.05 (0.58–1.91) |
| Nadia | Asia-I | 266 | 1.72 ± 0.22 | 3.52 (3) | 956 (632–1780) | 18.40 (10.55–32.40) | — | 7.33 (4.80–11.20) | 5322 (2534–11001) | 8.86 (3.45–22.74) | — | 6.87 (3.16–14.94) |
| Guntur | Asia-I | 261 | 1.37 ± 0.13 | 2.78 (4) | 130 (95–183) | 2.50 (1.39–4.57) | — | 1.00 | 774 (368–2881) | 1.290 (0.53–3.13) | — | 1.00 |
| Thiamethoxam | ||||||||||||
| PUSA | Asia-II-7 | 251 | 1.55 ± 0.17 | 7.58 (4) | 26 (7–40) | 1.00 | — | — | 233 (106–267) | 1.00 | — | — |
| New Delhi | Asia-II-1 | 353 | 1.83 ± 0.17 | 8.25 (5) | 73 (45–126) | 2.81 (1.689–4.602) | 1.00 | — | 358 (212–821) | 1.53 (0.80–2.94) | 1.00 | — |
| Ludhiana | Asia-II-1 | 290 | 1.50 ± 0.15 | 7.37 (4) | 109 (76–252) | 4.19 (2.434–7.158) | 1.50 (1.00–2.22) | — | 915 (358–1437) | 3.93 (1.84–8.37) | 2.56 (1.31–5.00) | — |
| Sriganganagar | Asia-II-1 | 220 | 1.56 ± 0.15 | 7.54 (4) | 194 (93–442) | 7.5 (4.22–13.18) | 2.67 (1.73–4.14) | — | 2036 (762–5407) | 8.74 (3.62–21.04 | 5.69 (2.55–12.71) | — |
| Khandwa | Asia-I | 264 | 1.90 ± 0.25 | 3.16 (4) | 23 (17–31) | 0.88 (0.52–1.50) | — | 1.00 | 111 (76–196) | 0.48 (0.24–0.95) | — | 1.00 |
| Amravati | Asia-I | 332 | 1.92 ± 0.13 | 5.91 (5) | 176 (95–302) | 6.77 (3.77–12.17) | — | 7.69 (4.70–12.60) | 1128 (480–8879) | 4.84 (2.38–9.83) | — | 10.18 (5.24–19.79) |
| Nadia | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Guntur | Asia-I | 276 | 2.60 ± 0.40 | 2.85 (4) | 179 (119–222) | 6.88 (4.18–11.24) | — | 7.78 (5.32–11.37) | 559 (415–915) | 2.40 (1.26–4.55) | — | 5.04 (2.79–9.11) |
aChi-square test for linearity of the dose–mortality response: ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.
bDegrees of freedom. Resistance ratios (RR) with 95% confidence limits indicating the fold-difference for each population in comparison to the most susceptible population at LC50 and LC90. Confidence limits that include 1.0 indicate no significant difference from the susceptible population (Lethal ratio test-Robertson et al.85).
cRR = Asia-I or Asia-II-1 populations divided by most susceptible Asia-II-7 population.
dRR = Asia-II-1 populations divided by most susceptible Asia-II-1 population.
eRR = Asia-I populations divided by most susceptible Asia-I population.