Figure 1. Experimental tasks.

(A) Choices under risk were represented by a wheel of fortune consisting of 10 slices of different colors. The orange slices were associated with possible earnings or losses; if the spinner stopped at the blue slices, the player would receive nothing. (B) Choices under ambiguity were represented in exactly the same way as the risky gambles, but this time (gray) occluders on top of the wheels hid part of the information. (C) Three levels of ambiguity were implemented. (D) In the choices under uncertainty task, participants were able to sample from two payoff distributions before making a final choice. Participants sampled by pressing the sample button and chose by clicking on the corresponding circle. All experimental tasks were self-paced.