Figure 9.
Combined treatment with TSA and lithium also induces synergy in neuroprotection and GSK-3 serine phosphorylation. A, CGCs at 6 DIV were pretreated with 3 mm LiCl and/or 20 nm TSA for 6 d and then exposed to 50 μm glutamate for 24 h. Cell viability was quantified by MTT assay and expressed as means ± SEM of percentage of vehicle-treated control from five independent cultures. B, C, CGCs at 6 DIV were treated with 3 mm LiCl and/or 20 nm TSA for 24 h and then harvested for Western blotting of GSK-3αSer21/βSer9 and β-actin (used as a loading control). Quantified results of GSK-3 serine phosphorylation are means ± SEM of percentage of vehicle control from three independent experiments.