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. 2017 Jan 18;17:4. doi: 10.1186/s12886-016-0398-7

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Comparison of retinal vasculature between a GDM (a) and a non-GDM GUSTO mother (b). Red arrows indicate retinal arterioles. Angle highlighted in red lines indicate retinal arteriolar branching angle. Black-and-white images on the right indicate retinal arteriolar fractal dimension. This GDM mother has narrower retinal arteriolar caliber (116.6 vs. 125.4 µm), narrower retinal arteriolar branching angle (1.26 vs. 1.31 Df), and lower retinal arteriolar fractal dimension (98.0 vs. 74.3 degrees) than the non-GDM mother