Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with effective ECV and ineffective ECV
| Effective ECV (N = 1146) | Ineffective ECV (N = 852) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age mean (median) years | 64 (65) | 63 (64) | 0.01 |
| Age > 75 years | 176 (15.4) | 117 (13.7) | 0.06 |
| Female | 284 (24.8) | 267 (31.3) | <0.01 |
| First AF episode | 528 (46.1) | 397 (46.6) | 0.82 |
| Prior cardioversion | 532 (46.4) | 380 (44.6) | 0.61 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc-score ≥2 | 655 (57.2) | 468 (54.9) | 0.34 |
| Duration of AF disease ≤1 year | 527 (53.2) | 374 (51.7) | 0.56 |
| Age of index AF episode | |||
| > 180 daysa | 76 (6.6) | 65 (7.6) | 0.60 |
| < 30 daysa | 215 (18.8) | 175 (20.5) | 0.60 |
| Ventricular rate (/min) | |||
| < 60/min | 45 (4.6) | 17 (2.3) | 0.01 |
| median | 87 (30) | 87 (30) | 0.37 |
| Left atrial diameter (mm)b | |||
| median | 46 (9) | 46 (8) | 0.40 |
| Ejection fraction (%)c | |||
| median | 54 (17) | 53 (17) | 0.03 |
| Prior AF ablation | 41 (3.6) | 72 (8.5) | <0.01 |
| History of heart failure | 173 (15.1) | 150 (17.6) | 0.14 |
| Hypertension | 598 (52.2) | 451 (52.9) | 0.75 |
| History of CKD | 59 (5.1) | 54 (6.3) | 0.28 |
| GFR <50 ml/mind | 24 (4.1) | 32 (7.1) | 0.04 |
| Diabetes | 171 (14.9) | 115 (13.5) | 0.40 |
| Prior stroke/TIA | 76 (6.6) | 55 (6.5) | 0.93 |
| Coronary artery disease | 179 (15.6) | 115 (13.5) | 0.20 |
| Pacemaker | 105 (9.2) | 82 (9.6) | 0.76 |
| Medication at discharge | |||
| Beta blocker | 946 (83.1) | 720 (85.2) | 0.22 |
| Digoxin | 89 (7.8) | 123 (14.6) | <0.01 |
| Verapamil | 10 (0.9) | 10 (1.2) | 0.51 |
| Any antiarrhythmic agente | 163 (14.3) | 158 (18.8) | 0.01 |
| Flecainide | 67 (5.9) | 44 (5.2) | 0.55 |
| Amiodarone | 65 (5.7) | 79 (9.4) | 0.01 |
Values in parentheses are % or interquartile range, AF atrial fibrillation, CKD chronic kidney disease, ECV elective cardioversion, GFR glomerular filtration rate, TIA transient ischemic attack
adata is missing in 834 (41.7%) cases
bdata is missing in 1194 (59.8%) cases
cdata is missing in 1142 (57.2%) cases
ddata is missing in 955 (47.8%) cases
eAntiarrhythmic agents comprised flecainide, amiodarone, propafenone, quinidine or disopyramide and dronedarone