Fig. 7.

Extra-intestinal cytokine responses in multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa infected human microbiota-associated mice suffering from acute ileitis. Human microbiota-associated mice were perorally challenged with T. gondii ME49 to induce acute ileitis and either additionally infected with MDR P. aeruginosa 3 days following ileitis induction (PA; filled circles) or not (N; open circles). At day 7 post ileitis induction secretion of distinct pro-inflammatory cytokines were determined in ex vivo biopsies derived from different extra-intestinal compartments including a liver (IFN-γ, nitric oxide, TNF-α) and b kidney (IFN-γ, nitric oxide, MCP-1). Naive mice served as negative controls (open diamonds). Numbers of mice (in parentheses), medians (black bars) and significance levels (p values) determined by Kruskal–Wallis test or ordinary one-way ANOVA are indicated. Data shown were pooled from three independent experiments