Table 5.

Determinants of Catastrophic Health Spending in India, Nepal and Myanmar, 2011-13

	Model 1 (Combined)		Model 2: India		Model 3: Nepal		Model 4: Myanmar
	Odds Ratio	95% CI	Odds Ratio	95% CI	Odds Ratio	95% CI	Odds Ratio	95% CI
Multidimensionally non-poor (R)
Multidimensionally poor	1.54***	1.35-1.76	1.76***	1.17-2.04	0.93	0.70-1.23	1.80***	1.50-2.18
Age (<31- R)
31-45	0.76***	0.64-0.90	0.9	0.51	0.53***	0.35-0.81	0.81	0.65-1.01
46-60	0.85*	0.72-1.01	1.01	0.5	0.65*	0.43-1.00	0.97	0.77-1.21
61-98	1.09	0.89	1.33	0.74	0.84	0.53-1.35	1.19	0.90-1.57
Sex of the Head of the Household (male- R)
Female	1.09	0.95	1.24	0.81	1.11	0.78-1.60	1.07	0.92-1.26
Marital Status of the Head of the Household (Currently married- R)
Others	1.21**	1.03-1.43	1.43	0.56	0.96	0.63-1.45	1.36***	1.11-1.65
Educational level of the Head of the Household (11–15 Years of schooling reference)
Illiterate	0.83**	0.69-0.99	0.99	0.75	1.57*	0.99-2.0	0.60***	0.47-0.77
Less than 5	0.75***	0.62-0.91	0.91	0.54	1.1	0.69-1.74	0.63***	0.47-0.83
5-7	1	0.84	1.21	0.65	1.42	0.87-2.32	0.84	0.65-1.09
8-10	0.77	0.63	0.94	0.6	1.43	0.87-2.33	0.56***	0.39-0.79
Residence (Urban-Reference)
Rural	1.40***	1.19-1.63	1.63***	1.24-2.42	1.62	1.11-2.35	1.26**	1.03-1.55
Illness of a member of the household at least once a month (None-Reference)
At least a member of the household was sick	2.12***	1.88-2.39	2.39***	1.95-2.98	1.09	0.84-1.41	2.51***	2.09-3.00
Death of a member in the family in the year preceding the survey (None-Reference)
Household experience death of one or more member	7.65***	5.85-10.01	10.01***	5.02-13.82	5.94***	3.54-9.97	8.81***	5.81-13.37
Sickness of a member reported as major shock (None-Reference)
Household experienced health shock	7.44***	6.53-8.47	8.47***	10.62-18.91	7.32***	5.49-9.75	5.64***	4.73-6.72
Country (Nepal-R)
India	2.20***	1.89-2.57	2.57
Myanmar	1.65***	1.42-1.92	1.92
Constant	0.04***	0.03-0.05	0.05***	0.02-0.07	0.04***	0.02-0.08	0.08***	0.06-0.11

**** p <0.001 ** p < .01 * p < 0.1