Table 4.
Twelve-week changes in health outcomes and dietary intake of the pilot intervention participants
| N | Baseline mean (95% CI) | ΔT1-T0a mean (95% CI) | p-valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strengthc | ||||
| – 1RM Leg press (kg) | 23 | 137.4 (120.8–154.0) | 31.7 (20.6–42.8) | 0.000 |
| – 1RM Leg extension (kg) | 22 | 52.6 (44.2–60.9) | 17.8 (13.6–22.0) | 0.000 |
| Anthropometrics | ||||
| – Weight (kg) | 23 | 85.1 (79.0–91.3) | 0.9 (0.2–1.5) | 0.007 |
| – Total lean mass (kg) | 23 | 48.8 (44.7–53.0) | –0.1 (–0.6–0.3) | 0.447 |
| – Appendicular lean mass (kg) | 23 | 21.4 (19.3–23.4) | –0.3 (–0.6–0.0) | 0.073 |
| – FFM (kg) | 20 | 52.4 (47.4–57.4) | 0.4 (–0.7–1.4) | 0.513 |
| – Body mass index | 23 | 29.4 (28.0–30.9) | 0.3 (0.1–0.5) | 0.009 |
| – Total fat mass (kg) | 23 | 33.2 (29.5–36.9) | 0.7 (0.1–1.4) | 0.029 |
| SPPB | ||||
| – Total score | 23 | 9.1 (8.3–9.9) | 0.7 (0.0–1.3) | 0.047 |
| – 4 m walk (sec) | 23 | 4.1 (3.8–4.4) | 0.1 (–0.4–0.5) | 0.831 |
| – Repeated chair rise (sec) | 18 | 17.6 (15.2–19.9) | –3.6 (–5.8-–1.4) | 0.002 |
| TUG (sec) | 23 | 10.6 (9.1–12.2) | –1.3 (–1.8-–0.8) | 0.000 |
| 6MWT (m) | 23 | 384.5 (357.9–411.1) | 27.5 (12.8–42.3) | 0.002 |
| ADL (total score)d | 23 | 2.8 (2.7–2.9) | 0.0 (–0.1 – 0.0) | 0.407 |
| Quality of lifee | ||||
| – MCS | 23 | 57.2 (54.0–60.5) | 0.4 (–2.9–3.6) | 0.879 |
| – PCS | 23 | 42.9 (38.5–47.3) | 2.7 (–0.3–5.8) | 0.073 |
| Dietary intake | ||||
| – Energy (MJ) | 21 | 7.6 (6.6–8.7) | 0.7 (–0.1–1.5) | 0.106 |
| – Protein (g) | 21 | 79.9 (67.6–92.3) | 23.1 (10.2–36.0) | 0.003 |
| – Protein (g/kg-bw/day) | 21 | 0.96 (0.81–1.12) | 0.29 (0.13–0.45) | 0.002 |
| – Protein breakfast (g) | 21 | 15.1 (11.5–18.6) | 9.0 (3.9–14.0) | 0.003 |
| – Protein lunch (g)f | 21 | 19.4 (15.8–23.1) | 10.5 (6.2–14.7) | 0.000 |
| – Protein dinner (g) | 21 | 37.1 (31.7–42.5) | –0.7 (–5.0–3.7) | 0.986 |
| – Protein (en%) | 21 | 17.8 (15.5–20.2) | 3.5 (1.6–5.4) | 0.002 |
| – Fat (en%) | 21 | 31.2 (28.2–34.2) | 0.6 (–3.5–4.8) | 0.715 |
| – Carbohydrates (en%) | 21 | 46.0 (41.9–50.0) | –5.9 (–10.1-–1.7) | 0.004 |
aChange between baseline (T0) and follow up (T1)
bWilcoxon signed-rank test
cBaseline score is 1RM estimation, as 1RM confirmation was not documented
dMean of score of basic, instrumental, and mobility ADL, score range 0 (cannot do)–3 (can do completely independently)
eMCS is Mental Component Summary, PCS is Physical Component Summary
fLunch is second bread-meal