Table 2.

List of processes implemented to improve patterns of laboratory test utilization

1	Determine the clinical reasoning behind the most frequently ordered lab tests.
2	Present comprehensive aggregate data to physicians: case mix index, lab test costs, budgeted goals, outcomes, quality metrics, trends, and individual physician ordering practices.
3	Provide information from peer-reviewed publications that include evidence-based lab utilization practices for the patient populations being treated.
4	Provide information on the potential clinical implications of lab ordering patterns.
5	Provide comparative data from other units or hospitals that have different patterns of lab test utilization but have similar types of patients or similar case mix index values.
6	Select a physician champion who will organize educational sessions and provide the information required for improving lab test utilization.
7	Develop goals and a method for measuring and communicating successful lab test utilization management through frequent meetings that will sustain practice changes.
8	Reduce or eliminate standing orders for lab tests.
9	Determine whether specific directives are necessary, e.g., having blood drawn on specific days unless there is a specific medical necessity.
10	Engage all executive administrative staff and provide effective and nonjudgmental communication to all physicians involved in patient care.