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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 15.
Published in final edited form as: Compr Physiol. 2016 Sep 15;6(4):1801–1850. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c160002

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Typical activity patterns during wakefulness and sleep states of selected neurochemically distinct groups of central neurons. Some groups have the highest activity during wakefulness (top/red); others have peaks during both wakefulness and REM sleep or during REM sleep only (middle/yellow), and still others during NREM or REM sleep (bottom/blue). These neuronal groups have direct and indirect connections with central respiratory neurons and upper airway motoneurons through which they impart state-dependent changes onto the respiratory system.