Table 3.
Deaths and Mortality Rates for Substance-Related Deaths After Release, Overall and by Sex*
| Substance Involved† | Overall (n = 76 208)
|
Men (n = 63 979)
|
Women (n = 12 229)
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deaths, n | Deaths per 100 000 Person-Years (95% CI) | Deaths, n | Deaths per 100 000 Person-Years (95% CI) | Deaths, n | Deaths per 100 000 Person-Years (95% CI) | |
| Opioids | 365 | 109 (98–120) | 283 | 100 (89–112) | 82 | 158 (124–193) |
|
| ||||||
| Pharmaceutical opioids | 259 | 77 (68–87) | 189 | 67 (57–76) | 70 | 135 (104–167) |
|
| ||||||
| Methadone | 176 | 53 (45–60) | 130 | 46 (38–54) | 46 | 89 (63–115) |
|
| ||||||
| Heroin | 123 | 37 (30–43) | 107 | 38 (31–45) | 16 | 31 (16–46) |
|
| ||||||
| Cocaine | 209 | 63 (54–71) | 157 | 56 (47–64) | 52 | 100 (73–128) |
|
| ||||||
| Other and unspecified narcotics | 184 | 55 (47–63) | 142 | 50 (42–59) | 42 | 81 (57–106) |
|
| ||||||
| Psychostimulants | 136 | 41 (34–48) | 109 | 39 (31–46) | 27 | 52 (32–72) |
|
| ||||||
| Alcohol | 93 | 28 (22–33) | 77 | 27 (21–33) | 16 | 31 (16–46) |
|
| ||||||
| Antidepressants | 103 | 31 (25–37) | 65 | 23 (17–29) | 38 | 73 (50–97) |
|
| ||||||
| Benzodiazepines | 60 | 18 (13–22) | 43 | 15 (11–20) | 17 | 33 (17–48) |
|
| ||||||
| Neuroleptics | 26 | 8 (5–11) | 20 | 7 (4–10) | 6 | 12 (4–25) |
|
| ||||||
| Barbiturates | 4 | 1 (0–3) | 3 | 1 (0–3) | 1 | 2 (0–11) |
|
| ||||||
| Cannabis | 2 | 1 (0–2) | 2 | 1 (0–3) | 0 | 0 (0–7) |
|
| ||||||
| Other psychotropics | 2 | 1 (0–2) | 2 | 1 (0–3) | 0 | 0 (0–7) |
*
Overdose may not be listed as the underlying cause of death for the deaths listed. For example, of the 259 deaths where pharmaceutical opioids were involved, 33 (12.7%) listed an underlying cause other than overdose.
†
Not mutually exclusive as each substance may be listed more than once among the multiple cause-of-death listings per individual.