Table 3. Clinical characteristics among patients who died as outpatients compared to matched patients who were alive after their last clinical encounter at Baylor-Malawi.
| Characteristic | Bivariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alive (N = 5070) | Died (N = 459) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | |||
| Median age at last visit in years (IQR) | 6.8 | (2.6–11.1) | 2.3 | (1.0–7.6) | 0.89 (0.87–0.91) | <0.0001 | ||
| Gender—n (%) | ||||||||
| •Male | 2560 | (50.5) | 254 | (55.3) | Referent | |||
| •Female | 2510 | (49.5) | 205 | (44.7) | 0.82 (0.68–0.99) | 0.047 | 0.75 (0.59–0.96) | 0.02 |
| Nutritional status at last visit—n (%) | ||||||||
| •Within normal limits | 4492 | (94.9) | 223 | (61.1) | Referent | <0.0001 | Referent | |
| •Mild | 73 | (1.5) | 16 | (4.4) | 4.41 (2.53–7.71) | 2.55 (1.40–4.65) | 0.002 | |
| •Moderate | 113 | (2.4) | 56 | (15.3) | 9.98 (7.05–14.13) | 4.71 (3.22–6.88) | <0.001 | |
| •Severe | 53 | (1.1) | 70 | (19.2) | 26.6 (18.17–38.96) | 10.83 (7.17–16.37) | <0.001 | |
| Weight loss since last visit—n (%) | ||||||||
| •No | 3996 | (78.8) | 276 | (60.1) | Referent | <0.0001 | Referent | |
| •Yes | 1074 | (21.2) | 183 | (39.9) | 2.47 (2.02–3.01) | 2.33 (1.82–3.00) | <0.001 | |
| On antiretroviral therapy | ||||||||
| •No | 1537 | (30.3) | 168 | (36.6) | Referent | <0.0001 | ||
| •Yes | 3353 | (66.1) | 241 | (52.5) | 0.66 (0.54–0.81) | |||
| Antiretroviral therapy regimen | ||||||||
| •Nevirapine-based (1st line) | 2907 | (86.9) | 217 | (90.4) | Referent | 0.112 | ||
| •Protease inhibitor-based (2nd line) | 440 | (13.1) | 23 | (9.6) | 0.7 (0.45–1.09) | |||
| On tuberculosis treatment at last visit | ||||||||
| •No | 4937 | (97.4) | 405 | (88.2) | Referent | Referent | ||
| •Yes | 131 | (2.6) | 54 | (11.8) | 5.02 (3.60–7.01) | <0.0001 | 1.98 (1.29–3.04) | 0.002 |
| CD4 Count | ||||||||
| •<50 | 86 | (1.7) | 40 | (8.7) | 6.15 (4.15–9.11) | <0.0001 | ||
| •50–99 | 56 | (1.1) | 24 | (5.2) | 5.67 (3.46–9.27) | |||
| •100–199 | 140 | (2.8) | 31 | (6.8) | 2.93 (1.95–4.40) | |||
| •200–349 | 402 | (7.9) | 33 | (7.2) | 1.09 (0.75–1.58) | |||
| •350–499 | 499 | (9.8) | 37 | (8.1) | 0.98 (0.69–1.40) | |||
| Over 500 | 3887 | (76.7) | 294 | (64.1) | Referent | |||
| Detectable viral load | ||||||||
| •No | 1541 | (71.1) | 30 | (38.5) | Referent | <0.0001 | ||
| •Yes | 626 | (28.9) | 48 | (61.5) | 3.94 (2.47–6.27) | |||