Fig 4. Monocytes in a co-culture setting with activated macrophages display oxidative DNA damage.

(A) Monocytes were co-cultured with solvent-treated (Mph-Solvent) or PMA-activated (Mph-PMA) macrophages for 1 h before 8OHdG was detected. Monocytes exposed to activated macrophages displayed increased 8OHdG signals. (B) 1 h after co-culture with activated macrophages monocytes were analysed for oxidative DNA damage using the FPG-modified alkaline Comet assay. Monocytes exposed to PMA-activated macrophages (Mph-PMA) displayed increased DNA damage. Data are the mean of four independent experiments ± SEM, 1-way ANOVA, Tukey’s Multiple Comparison Test, **p < 0.01.