Table 1.
Main subject characteristics
| Lean-CON | WM-CON | T2D | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, male/female | 6/4 | 3/6 | 9/8 | |
| Age, yr | 49 ± 3 | 46 ± 2 | 50 ± 2 | 0.540 |
| Weight, kg | 70 ± 3 | 86 ± 5* | 87 ± 4* | 0.011 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23 ± 1 | 32 ± 2* | 31 ± 1* | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 84 ± 4 | 106 ± 5* | 101 ± 3* | <0.001 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.85 ± 0.04 | 0.96 ± 0.04 | 0.94 ± 0.02 | 0.065 |
| Glucose, mg/dl | 87 ± 3 | 90 ± 4 | 152 ± 11*† | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.4 ± 0.1 | 5.5 ± 0.1 | 7.6 ± 0.3*† | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 36 ± 1.1 | 37 ± 1.1 | 60 ± 3.3*† | <0.001 |
| Insulin, μIU/ml | 4.6 ± 0.5 | 7.3 ± 0.8 | 9.9 ± 1.1* | 0.004 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.3 | 3.6 ± 0.5*† | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 116 ± 20 | 104 ± 12 | 144 ± 16 | 0.231 |
| HDL, mg/dl | 61 ± 7 | 52 ± 7 | 39 ± 3* | 0.007 |
| Anti-hyperglycemic medications, n | ||||
| Biguanide | 0 | 0 | 13 | |
| Sulfonylurea | 0 | 0 | 9 | |
| DPP-4 inhibitor | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Insulin | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Values are means ± SE.
T2D, type 2 diabetes patients; Lean-CON, lean control; WM-CON, weight-matched control; BMI, body mass index; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance.
*
P < 0.05 vs. Lean-CON;
†
P < 0.05 vs. WM-CON.