Table 2.
Polyhydroxyalkanoate Co-polymer production by co-metabolism of diverse substrates by Bacillus sp
| Organism | Substrate | Homo-polymers | Co-polymer | References | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PHB | Type | Ratio mol (%) |
Yield (% DCM) | ||||
| mol (%) | Yield (% DCM) | ||||||
| Bacillus megaterium OU303A | Glucose (2 % w/v) | 100 | 62 | – | – | – | [42] |
| Glucose (2 % w/v) + PA (<2.5 mL/L) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 97.5:2.5 | 58.6 | ||
| Glycerol (2 % w/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 95:5 | 52 | ||
| Glycerol (2 % w/v) + PA (<2.5 mL/L) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 86:14 | 57 | ||
| Acetate (2 % w/v) | 100 | 49 | – | – | – | ||
| Acetate (2 % w/v) + PA (<2.5 mL/L) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 96.5:3.5 | 59 | ||
| B. megaterium DSM90 | Glycerol | 100 | 62.4 | – | – | – | [46] |
| B. cereus ATCC14579 | Caprolactone + octanoate | – | – | 3HHx P(3HHx-3HO) |
NA | 2–4 | [36] |
| B. cereus UW85 | γ- caprolactone | – | – | P(3HB-3HV-6HHx) | NA | NA | [37] |
|
Bacillus sp. INT005 |
Butyrate | 100 | NA | – | – | – | [38] |
| Glucose (0.1 % w/v) + Butyrate (1 % v/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HHx) P(3HB-4HB-3HHx) |
98.5:1.5 | 32.9 | ||
| Glucose (0.1 % w/v) + valerate (1 % v/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 51.5:48.5 | 18.8 | ||
| Glucose (0.1 % w/v) + hexanoate (1 % v/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HHx) | 97.7:2.3 | 13.0 | ||
| Glucose (0.1 % w/v) + octanoate (1 % v/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HHx) | 97.1:2.9 | 64.5 | ||
| Glucose (0.1 % w/v) + decanoate (1 % v/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HHx) | 97.1:2.9 | 23.5 | ||
| Glucose (0.1 % w/v) + γ- caprolactone (1 % v/v) | – | – | P(3HB-6HHx-3HHx) | 97.3:2.7 | 23.2 | ||
| Bacillus sp. 88D | Glucose (2 % w/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 96:4 | 64.6 | [43] |
| Glucose (2 % w/v) + PA (<2.5 mL/L) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 87:13 | 59.8 | ||
| Glycerol (2 % w/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 85:15 | 60.5 | ||
| Glycerol (2 % w/v) + PA (<2.5 mL/L) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 96:4 | 60 | ||
| Acetate (2 %w/v) | 100:0 | 48 | – | – | – | ||
| Acetate (2 %w/v) + PA (<2.5 mL/L) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 93.7:6.3 | 42 | ||
|
Bacillus (Defined mixed strains: B. cereus strains EGU3, EGU43 + EGU44 + EGU520 + B. thuringiensis EGU45 |
Pea-shell slurry (PSS) + glucose | 100 | 18.8 | P(3HB-3HV) | 87:13 | 16.9 | [47] |
| PSS + glucose + PA | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 89:11 | 21.6 | ||
| PSS + glucose + VA | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 90:10, 93:7 | 16–23 | ||
| B. cereus EGU44 | PSS + glucose | 100 | 30.0 | [47] | |||
| PSS + glucose + PA (0.5–2 % v/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 89:11, 84:16, 85:15 | 16 -22 | ||
| PSS + glucose + VA (0.5–2 % v/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 83:17, 90:10 | 16 -24 | ||
| B. thuringiensis EGU45 | Effluent from H2-stage + glucose (1 % w/v) + | [49] | |||||
| 1. M9 + GM2 media: 1X + 0.25X | NA | NA | P(3HB-3HV) | 61:39 | 10 | ||
| 2. M9 + GM2 media: 1X + 0.5X | NA | NA | P(3HB-3HV) | 62:38 | 7.6 | ||
| 3. M9 + GM2 media: 1X + 1X | NA | NA | P(3HB-3HV) | 77:23 | 18 | ||
| 4. M9 + GM2 media: 1X + 2X | NA | NA | P(3HB-3HV) | 95:5 | 21 | ||
| B. thuringiensis EGU45 | Crude glycerol (CG) + Peptone (PE) + Yeast extract (YE) + | [48] | |||||
| 1. PA (0.5 % v/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 89:11 | 53.9 | ||
| 2. PA (1.0 % v/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 94.7:5.3 | 37.3 | ||
| 3. PA (2.0 % v/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 98.2:1.8 | 44.2 | ||
| 4. VA (0.5 % v/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 95.7:4.3 | 37.8 | ||
| 5. VA (1.0 % v/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 98.2:1.8 | 48.5 | ||
| 6. VA (2.0 % v/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 99:1.0 | 56.3 | ||
| CG + nutrient broth + | |||||||
| 1. PA (0.5 % v/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 86.6:13.4 | 55 | ||
| 2. PA (1.0 % v/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 95.7:4.3 | 29 | ||
| 3. PA (2.0 % v/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 98.3:1.7 | 36 | ||
| 4. VA (0.5 % v/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 96.3:3.7 | 29.7 | ||
| 5. VA (1.0 % v/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 98.7:1.3 | 53.1 | ||
| 6. VA (2.0 % v/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 98.9:1.1 | 52.2 | ||
| PSS | 100 | 5.8 | – | – | – | [2] | |
| PSS + glucose (1 % w/v) | 100 | 7.7 | – | – | – | ||
| Apple pomace (AP) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 64.3:35.7 | 3.8 | ||
| AP + glucose (1 % w/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 75.9:24.1 | 7.5 | ||
| Onion peels (OP) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 80:20 | 8.4 | ||
| OP + glucose (1 % w/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 97.5:2.5 | 11.7 | ||
| Potato peels (PP) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 33:67 | 2.6 | ||
| PP + glucose (1 % w/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 90.9:9.1 | 38.2 | ||
| PS:AP:2:1 + glucose (1 % w/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 78.8:21.2 | 16.4 | ||
| PS:OP:1:2 + glucose (1 % w/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 63.4:36.6 | 20.5 | ||
| PS:PP:2:1 + glucose (1 % w/v) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 77:23 | 27.1 | ||
| Bacillus sp. | Glycerol | – | – | NA | NA | 25–52 | [39] |
| Bacillus sp. | Madhuca sp. Flowers (Sugars + malic acid) | – | – | P(3HB-3HV) | 90:10 | 51 | [41] |
| B. licheniformis PHA007 | Glycerol | 100 | 68.8 | – | – | – | [45] |
| B. licheniformis DSM394 | Glycerol | 100 | 17 | – | – | – | [45] |
| B. subtilis DSM10 | Glycerol | 100 | 18.9 | – | – | – | [45] |
| B. cereus PHA037 | Glucose | 100 | 60.7 | – | – | – | |
| B. thuringiensis R1 | Glycerol | 100 | 64.1 | – | – | – | [40] |
| B. sphaericus NII0838 | Glycerol | 100 | 31.0 | – | – | – | [44] |
a Not applicable
NA Not available
PHA Polyhydroxyalkanoate
PHB Polyhydroxybutyrate
3HB 3-Hydroxybutyric acid
3HV 3-Hydroxyvaleric acid
4HB 4-Hydroxybutyric acid
3HO 3-Hydroxyoctanoate
3HHx 3-Hydroxyhexenoate
6HHx 6-Hydroxyhexanoate
3HD 3-Hydroxydecanoate
3HDD 3Hydroxydodecanoate