TABLE 1.
Material properties
| Minimum | Baseline | Maximum | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Young’s modulus (MPa) | |||
| Pars tensa (E pt) | 2 | 6 | 10 |
| Pars flaccida (E pf) | 0.4 | 1.2 | 2 |
| Soft tissue around canal (E st) | 0.02 | 0.21 | 0.4 |
| Ossicles (E os) | 4000 | 10,000 | 16,000 |
| Ligaments (E lig) | 2 | 5 | 8 |
| Poisson’s ratio | |||
| Soft tissues (around canal and in middle ear) (ν st) | 0.485 | 0.49 | 0.495 |
| Ossicles (ν os) | 0.3 | ||
| Density (kg/m3) | |||
| Soft tissues (ρ st) | 1000 | 1100 | 1200 |
| Ossicles (ρ os) | 1600 | 1800 | 2000 |
| Damping ratio (ζ) | 0.1 | 0.25 | 0.4 |
| Cochlear load | |||
| Spring (N/m) (K c) | 200 | 600 | 1000 |
| Dashpot (Ns/m) (C c) | 0.2 | 0.45 | 0.7 |
| Stapes mass (kg) (M s) | 2 × 10−6 | 3 × 10−6 | 4 × 10−6 |
| Cavity volume (m3) (V cav) | 700 × 10−9 | 850 × 10−9 | 1000 × 10−9 |