Table 3.
Summary of results on each task/questionnaire and genotypes used in our study.
| Questionnaire/Task | DV | Mean (SD) | One-way ANOVA | Linear contrast | Mean (SD) | t-test | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10/10 | 10/9 | 9/9 | 10r-Pr | 10r-Ab | Pr vs. Ab | |||||
| Teachers' reported | Schooling skills | N | 38 | 28 | 14 | 66 | 14 | |||
| Schooling skills composite (0.87) | 3.5 (0.42) | 3.7 (0.52) | 3.9 (0.51) | 4.04* | 7.37** | 3.6 (0.47) | 3.9 (0.51) | −2.12* | ||
| Assertiveness (0.84) | 3.7 (0.74) | 3.8 (0.67) | 3.9 (0.86) | <1 | 1.01 | 3.7 (0.71) | 3.9 (0.87) | −0.65 | ||
| Sociability (0.82) | 3.6 (0.53) | 3.8 (0.70) | 4.1 (0.56) | 3.45* | 6.75* | 3.7 (0.61) | 4.1 (0.56) | −2.42* | ||
| Rule following (0.90) | 3.7 (0.71) | 3.8 (0.84) | 4.2 (0.75) | 1.79 | 3.59# | 3.8 (0.76) | 4.2 (0.75) | −1.84# | ||
| Frustration tolerance (0.70) | 3.2 (0.56) | 3.4 (0.57) | 3.5 (0.58) | 3.21* | 4.74* | 3.2 (0.71) | 3.4 (0.65) | −1.13 | ||
| Parents' reported | Temperament | N | 55 | 48 | 17 | 103 | 17 | |||
| Effortful control (0.79) | 5.2 (0.51) | 5.2 (0.65) | 5.3 (0.41) | <1 | <1 | 5.3 (0.59) | 5.4 (0.43) | −1.30 | ||
| Inhibitory control (0.62) | 4.6 (0.87) | 4.9 (0.93) | 4.8 (0.97) | 1.24 | <1 | 4.8 (0.90) | 4.8 (0.97) | −0.03 | ||
| Attentional focusing (0.70) | 4.5 (1.01) | 4.6 (1.15) | 5 (0.80) | 1.65 | 3.30# | 4.6 (1.07) | 5.0 (0.80) | −2.13* | ||
| Low intensity pleasure (0.70) | 6.1 (0.60) | 6.1 (0.72) | 6.0 (0.56) | <1 | <1 | 6.1 (0.66) | 6.0 (0.56) | −0.22 | ||
| Perceptual sensitivity (0.68) | 5.8 (0.87) | 5.7 (1.0) | 5.9 (0.79) | <1 | <1 | 5.7 (0.93) | 5.9 (0.79) | −0.59 | ||
| Smiling and laugher (0.61) | 5.4 (0.94) | 5.2 (1.02) | 5.5 (0.72) | <1 | <1 | 5.3 (0.98) | 5.5 (0.72) | −1.04 | ||
| Battery of lab tasks | DoG | N | 59 | 51 | 17 | 110 | 17 | |||
| % Delay choices | 56.1 (30.7) | 58.6 (32.0) | 69.2 (18.7) | 1.26 | 2.53 | 57.2 (31.2) | 69.2 (18.7) | −2.20* | ||
| Go/No-Go | N | 44 | 26 | 15 | 70 | 15 | ||||
| d' | 1.2 (0.67) | 0.9 (0.53) | 1.2 (0.68) | 1.22 | <1 | 1.1 (0.63) | 1.2 (0.68) | −0.51 | ||
| Flanker | N | 54 | 48 | 15 | 102 | 15 | ||||
| Conflict z-index | 0.09 (0.7) | 0.08 (0.7) | −0.25 (0.7) | 1.46 | 2.68 | 0.09 (0.7) | −0.25 (0.7) | 1.78# | ||
| Intelligence | IQ | N | 58 | 51 | 17 | 109 | 17 | |||
| Verbal | 107 (16.3) | 108 (12.8) | 105 (11.9) | <1 | <1 | 107 (14.7) | 105 (11.9) | 0.70 | ||
| Fluid | 105 (12.2) | 104 (11.8) | 110 (9.6) | 1.60 | 2.20 | 104 (12.0) | 110 (9.6) | −2.03* | ||
Battery of lab tasks: DoG, Delay of Gratification Task; Conflict z-index: Mean Z scores = Reaction Time-ConflictEffect + % Errors-ConflictEffect (Conflict effect: Incongruent − Congruent). Cronbach's Alpha is shown in brackets for each scale. Asterisks denote the level of significance
**
p < 0.01;
*
p < 0.05;
#
p < 0.1. Bold values depict statistically significant comparisons. Italic values depict marginally significant comparisons.