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. 2017 Jan 19;8:5. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00005

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Copyright © 2017 Kulkarni, Kurle, Shete, Ghate, Godbole, Madhavi, Kent, Paranjape and Thakar.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Characteristics of ADCC responses in Indian long-term non-progressors (LTNPs) and progressors. Vertical scatter plots (error bars—mean with SEM) denote magnitudes of ADCC-mediated natural killer (NK) cell activation in responders from LTNPs and progressors against HIV-1 antigen peptide pools. Magnitude of ADCC response against (A) structural proteins: HIV-1 B Env, HIV-1 C Env, HIV-1 C Gag, and HIV-1 B Pol and (B) accessory proteins: HIV-1 B Tat, Rev, Nef, and Vpu. The magenta colored dots represent ADCC responders (fulfilled both criteria mentioned in Materials and Methods section). The non-specific recognition of the peptides as indicated by the % NK cell activation by HIV-negative plasma after stimulation by same peptide pools is indicated in black dots. (C) Bar diagram represents the frequency of responses in both cohorts against HIV-1 B and C Env, HIV-1 C Gag, HIV-1 B Pol, Tat, Rev, Nef, and Vpu. The frequencies were higher in LTNPs in case of responses against Env subtype C and Gag, whereas a trend of higher tat-specific responses was observed in LTNPs although not significant (Fisher’s exact 2 × 2 test).

Characteristics of ADCC responses in Indian long-term non-progressors (LTNPs) and progressors. Vertical scatter plots (error bars—mean with SEM) denote magnitudes of ADCC-mediated natural killer (NK) cell activation in responders from LTNPs and progressors against HIV-1 antigen peptide pools. Magnitude of ADCC response against (A) structural proteins: HIV-1 B Env, HIV-1 C Env, HIV-1 C Gag, and HIV-1 B Pol and (B) accessory proteins: HIV-1 B Tat, Rev, Nef, and Vpu. The magenta colored dots represent ADCC responders (fulfilled both criteria mentioned in Materials and Methods section). The non-specific recognition of the peptides as indicated by the % NK cell activation by HIV-negative plasma after stimulation by same peptide pools is indicated in black dots. (C) Bar diagram represents the frequency of responses in both cohorts against HIV-1 B and C Env, HIV-1 C Gag, HIV-1 B Pol, Tat, Rev, Nef, and Vpu. The frequencies were higher in LTNPs in case of responses against Env subtype C and Gag, whereas a trend of higher tat-specific responses was observed in LTNPs although not significant (Fisher’s exact 2 × 2 test).