Table 4.
Clusters’ characteristics.
| Clustering variable | Cluster 1 (n = 395) |
Cluster 2 (n = 888) |
Cluster 3 (n = 735) |
Cluster 4 (n = 495) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (z) | SD | Mean (z) | SD | Mean (z) | SD | Mean (z) | SD | |
| (1) Cooperative learning | 2.95ˆd (-1.17) | 0.53 | 4.25ˆa (0.81) | 0.35 | 3.90ˆb (0.27) | 0.47 | 3.12ˆc (-0.92) | 0.49 |
| (2) Self-regulated learning | 2.73ˆd (-1.37) | 0.52 | 4.32ˆa (0.87) | 0.33 | 3.30ˆc (-0.57) | 0.51 | 3.97ˆb (0.38) | 0.71 |
| (3) Academic self-efficacy | 3.24ˆd (-0.81) | 0.83 | 4.30ˆa (0.55) | 0.50 | 3.64ˆc (-0.33) | 0.55 | 4.04ˆb (0.19) | 0.75 |
| Characteristics | ||||||||
| Males n (%) | 253 (64.1%) | 409 (46.1%) | 394 (53.6%) | 252 (50.9%) | ||||
| Females n (%) | 142 (35.9%) | 479 (53.9%) | 341 (46.4%) | 243 (49.1%) | ||||
| Risk of failure n (%) | 101 (25.6%) | 99 (11.1%) | 152 (20.7%) | 59 (11.9%) | ||||
| Immigrants n (%) | 14 (3.5%) | 22 (2.5%) | 21 (2.9%) | 14 (2.8%) | ||||
Means in the same row which do not share superscripts differ at p < 0.01.