Table 3.

Error Types.

Category	Description	Example for target word cat, interfering word bed
Off-Task	No response, talking during the experimental trial
Disfluency	Hesitation, false start	[k] [kæt]
Task-Related Error	Child says the interfering word rather than the picture’s name, or says a different target word	“bed,” “hat”
Correct Responses	Child says the target word. Children’s habitual phonological errors were counted as correct	“cat”, [tæt], [gæt]
Phonological Errors Only	The child says the target word with a non-habitual phonological error	[tæt], [gæt]