Table 3.

The summary of outcomes of included studies.

Authors	Ghahreman et al.	Wang et al.	Archavlis and Carvi y Nievas	Kotani et al.	Parker et al.
Operative time (mins)	MI: 236 ± 68 OP: 213 ± 67	MI: 156 ± 32 OP: 145 ± 27	MI: 220 ± 48 OP: 190 ± 65	MI: 172 ± 33 OP: 176 ± 37	MI: 284 ± 95 OP: 230 ± 67
EBL	—	MI: 264 ± 89 OP: 673 ± 145	MI: 185 ± 140 OP: 255 ± 468	MI: 184 ± 36 OP: 453 ± 243	MI: 233 ± 229 OP: 383 ± 305
Hospital stay	MI: 4 ± 1.58 OP: 6.67 ± 2.36	MI: 10.6 ± 2.5 OP: 14.6 ± 3.8	—	—	MI: 3 ± 1.53 OP: 4 ± 1.53
Back pain VAS	MI: 2.67 ± 3.14 OP: 2 ± 3.13	MI: 0.92 ± 0.5 OP: 1.1 ± 0.6	—	—	MI: 3.3 ± 2.9 OP: 3.6 ± 2.8
Leg pain VAS	MI: 1.33 ± 2.36 OP: 1.67 ± 3.13	—	—	—	MI: 3 ± 3 OP: 2.7 ± 2.6
ODI	—	MI: 10.8 ± 3.3 OP: 12.2 ± 3.9	—	MI: 12.8 ± 13.3 OP: 36.5 ± 12.9	MI: 11 ± 9.4 OP: 15.6 ± 10.3
SF-36 PCS	MI: 64.33 ± 40.98 OP: 56.67 ± 35.37	—	—	—	MI: 44.3 ± 11.2 OP: 41.3 ± 11.8
SF-36 MCS	MI: 76.67 ± 18.87 OP: 72.67 ± 36.16	—	—	—	MI: 54.5 ± 10.8 OP: 52 ± 10.1
Complications	MI: 0/25 OP: 2/27	MI: 4/42 OP: 3/43	MI: 7/24 OP: 7/25	—	MI: 3/50 OP: 4/50
Nonfusion	MI: 0/25 OP: 1/27	MI: 1/42 OP: 1/43	MI: 2/24 OP: 1/25	MI: 1/43 OP: 0/37	—
Secondary Surgery	—	MI: 2/42 OP: 1/43	MI: 2/24 OP: 2/25	—	MI: 2/50 OP: 3/50

MI: minimally invasive surgery group; OP: open surgery group; EBL: estimated blood loss; VAS: visual analog scale; ODI: Oswestry disability index; SF-36 PCS: Short Form-36 physical component scores; SF-36 MCS: Short Form-36 mental component scores.