Biofilms formed by S. aureus IPLA16 with L. plantarum 55-1, E. faecium MMRA, L. pentosus A1, and L. pentosus B1 after incubating 5 h at 32°C or 37°C. (A) Biomass of monospecies biofilms formed by S. aureus IPLA16 (white bars), accompanying species (black bars), and dual-species (gray bars). (B) Numbers of viable cells in monospecies (white bars, S. aureus IPLA16; black bars, accompanying species) and dual-species (light gray bars, S. aureus IPLA16; dark gray bars, accompanying species) biofilms. Means and standard deviations were calculated for three biological replicates. Data from dual-species biofilms were compared to those from single-species biofilms with a two-tailed Student's t test. *, P < 0.05.